When teaching a client about cystitis, the nurse explains that women are more prone to the infection than men. Which of the following best explains a woman's increased susceptibility?

Continuous nature of the mucosa

High estrogen levels

Urethral proximity to the rectum

Inadequate fluid intake

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

Choice A Reason
The continuous nature of the mucosa refers to the uninterrupted lining of the urinary tract, which provides a barrier against pathogens. However, this characteristic is not a significant factor in the increased susceptibility of women to cystitis. Both men and women have a continuous mucosal lining, and it does not account for the gender difference in infection rates.

Choice B Reason
High estrogen levels can influence the tissues of the urinary tract and may affect susceptibility to infections. However, the role of estrogen in the development of cystitis is not as direct or significant as anatomical differences. Estrogen levels vary throughout a woman's life and do not consistently correlate with cystitis risk.

Choice C Reason
Urethral proximity to the rectum is the most significant anatomical factor contributing to a woman's increased susceptibility to cystitis¹⁴. Women have a shorter urethra than men, and its close proximity to the anus allows bacteria from the bowel area to more easily enter the urinary tract and cause infections.

Choice D Reason
Inadequate fluid intake can lead to less frequent urination, which is a risk factor for cystitis because it reduces the natural flushing of bacteria from the urinary tract. However, this is a modifiable risk factor and does not inherently explain the higher incidence of cystitis in women compared to men.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A Reason
A blood pressure of 120/80 mmHg is considered within the normal range and is an ideal target for most individuals being treated for hypertension. This finding would not typically alert the nurse to a side effect of lisinopril.

Choice B Reason
Serum potassium of 5.5 mEq/L is higher than the normal range, which is typically between 3.5 and 5.0 mEq/L. Lisinopril can cause hyperkalemia, which is an elevated level of potassium in the blood. This is a known side effect of lisinopril, especially in clients with renal impairment, as it inhibits the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and reduces potassium excretion.

Choice C Reason
A heart rate of 80 beats per minute is within the normal range for adults, which is typically 60-100 beats per minute at rest. This finding would not alert the nurse to a side effect of lisinopril.

Choice D Reason
A respiration rate of 16 breaths per minute is within the normal range for adults, which is typically 12-20 breaths per minute at rest. This finding would not alert the nurse to a side effect of lisinopril.

A. Allow the client some time to gather her thoughts. B. Remain with the client. C. Make an audio recording of this. D. Tell the client to write down her thoughts.

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A reason:
Allowing the client some time alone could be beneficial in certain situations where the client prefers solitude to process their emotions. However, in the context of intimate partner abuse, leaving the client alone when they are visibly distressed may not provide the immediate support and safety they need.

Choice B reason:
Remaining with the client is crucial in providing emotional support and ensuring their safety. Victims of intimate partner abuse often feel isolated and scared; having a compassionate presence can offer comfort and reassurance. The nurse's presence can also help in assessing the client's immediate needs and risks, and in facilitating access to further support and resources.

Choice C reason:
Making an audio recording without the client's consent could be a violation of privacy and trust. It is essential to respect the client's autonomy and confidentiality, especially in sensitive situations involving abuse. The priority should be to address the client's emotional state and safety, not to gather evidence.

Choice D reason:
Encouraging the client to write down their thoughts can be a therapeutic tool and may be suggested as part of ongoing therapy or coping strategies. However, it should not be the first action taken when the client is in acute distress. Immediate emotional support and safety planning are more pressing concerns.

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When teaching a client about cystitis, the nurse explains that women are more prone to the infection than men. Which of the following best explains a woman's increased susceptibility?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A client is prescribed lisinopril 20 mg PO daily for the treatment of hypertension. Which finding would alert the nurse that a side effect of the medication has occurred?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A client, who was a victim of intimate partner abuse, is experiencing anxiety and is crying. What should the nurse do?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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