When pressure in the lungs drops lower than atmospheric pressure, what occurs?.
A pneumothorax forms, collapsing the lungs.
The bronchioles constrict, causing respiratory distress.
Air flows into the lungs.
Air flows out of the lungs.
The Correct Answer is C
The correct answer is: c. Air flows into the lungs.
Choice A: A pneumothorax forms, collapsing the lungs.
A pneumothorax occurs when air enters the pleural space, the area between the lung and the chest wall, causing the lung to collapse. This condition is typically caused by trauma or a spontaneous rupture of a lung bleb, not by a drop in lung pressure below atmospheric pressure. When the pressure in the lungs drops below atmospheric pressure, it facilitates the inflow of air into the lungs, not the collapse of the lungs.
Choice B: The bronchioles constrict, causing respiratory distress.
Bronchiolar constriction, or bronchoconstriction, is a narrowing of the airways in the lungs due to the tightening of surrounding smooth muscle. This can cause respiratory distress and is commonly seen in conditions like asthma. However, this is not directly related to the pressure changes in the lungs relative to atmospheric pressure. The primary effect of a drop in lung pressure below atmospheric pressure is the inflow of air, not bronchoconstriction.
Choice C: Air flows into the lungs.
When the pressure in the lungs drops below atmospheric pressure, a pressure gradient is created that allows air to flow into the lungs. This process is known as inspiration or inhalation. The diaphragm and intercostal muscles contract to increase the volume of the thoracic cavity, thereby decreasing the pressure within the lungs relative to the outside atmosphere, causing air to rush in.
Choice D: Air flows out of the lungs.
Air flows out of the lungs, or expiration, occurs when the pressure inside the lungs exceeds atmospheric pressure. This happens when the diaphragm and intercostal muscles relax, decreasing the volume of the thoracic cavity and increasing the pressure within the lungs. This is the opposite of what happens when lung pressure drops below atmospheric pressure.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A rationale:
Neutrophils are the most abundant type of white blood cells and are the first to travel to the site of an infection.
Choice B rationale:
Macrophages are white blood cells that reside in tissues and are key players in the immune response, but they do not travel throughout the bloodstream seeking out bacteria.
Choice C rationale:
Phagocytes is a general term for cells that engulf and digest pathogens, which includes neutrophils and macrophages.
Choice D rationale:
Phagosomes are not cells, but are compartments within phagocytes that contain pathogens to be destroyed.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A rationale:
Humoral immunity involves the production of antibodies by B cells, not the destruction of pathogens within a cell17.
Choice B rationale:
Non-specific immunity refers to innate immune responses that occur regardless of the nature of the pathogen17.
Choice C rationale:
Cellular immunity involves cytotoxic T cells recognizing and destroying infected cells17.
Choice D rationale:
Passive immunity involves the transfer of antibodies from one individual to another, not the destruction of pathogens within a cell17.
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