When conducting diet teaching for a client diagnosed with hypokalemia, which foods should the nurse encourage the client to eat?

Milk products, canned salmon, and fresh oysters.

Cranberry juice, butter, and hard candy.

Hard cheese, whole grain cereals, and dried vegetables.

Potatoes, bananas, and oranges.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

Choice A: Milk products, canned salmon, and fresh oysters are sources of calcium and may be included in the diet but are not primary sources of potassium.

Choice B: Cranberry juice, butter, and hard candy are not significant sources of potassium and may not address the client's hypokalemia.

Choice C: Hard cheese, whole-grain cereals, and dried vegetables are not primary sources of potassium and may not provide an adequate potassium intake.

Choice D: Potatoes, bananas, and oranges are all good dietary sources of potassium and should be encouraged for a client with hypokalemia. Increasing potassium-rich foods can help correct low potassium levels.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A: Pretzels are a carbohydrate-rich snack with a high glycemic index, which can lead to spikes in blood glucose levels. Choosing pretzels does not indicate a good understanding of the diet teaching to avoid refined sugar and carbohydrates.

Choice B: Avocado is a healthy choice for a client with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) who wants to avoid refined sugar and carbohydrates. Avocado is a source of healthy fats, fiber, and other nutrients and has a low glycemic index.

Choice C: Potatoes are starchy vegetables that are high in carbohydrates, particularly when prepared in ways like mashed potatoes or fries. Choosing potatoes does not align with the goal of avoiding refined sugar and carbohydrates.

Choice D: Grapes are a fruit that contains natural sugars, and consuming them can affect blood glucose levels. Choosing grapes does not demonstrate an understanding of the need to avoid refined sugar and carbohydrates.

A. Increased Ca+ influx with sympathetic stimulation that raises the heart rate. B. Sympathetic activation boosts K+ efflux and increases the inotropic effect. C. Sympathetic activation decreases dromotrophy by lowering conduction speed. D. Increased Na+ influx with sympathetic stimulation reduces pacemaker firing.’

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A: Increased Ca+ influx with sympathetic stimulation that raises the heart rate is a manifestation of sympathetic innervation. Sympathetic activation leads to the release of norepinephrine, which enhances the influx of calcium ions (Ca+) into cardiac muscle cells, resulting in increased contractility and heart rate.

Choice B: Sympathetic activation does increase the inotropic effect (contractility) of the heart, but it is primarily mediated by the increased influx of calcium ions (Ca+).

Choice C: Sympathetic activation does not decrease dromotrophy (conduction speed). Instead, it can increase the conduction speed through the cardiac conduction system.

Choice D: Increased Na+ influx with sympathetic stimulation does not reduce pacemaker firing; instead, it contributes to the enhanced excitability and automaticity of cardiac cells.

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When conducting diet teaching for a client diagnosed with hypokalemia, which foods should the nurse encourage the client to eat?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

The nurse instructs a client with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) to avoid refined sugar and carbohydrates. Choosing which food indicates that the client understands the diet teaching?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Which pathology of autonomic cardiac regulation is mediated by sympathetic innervation?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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