What is the role of the hypothalamus in the regulation of ventilation?
It protects the lungs from overinflating.
It modifies the medulla oblongata's functions.
It maintains the basic rhythm of breathing.
It monitors the respiration rate in sleep and awake states.
The Correct Answer is B
A. It protects the lungs from overinflating: While protective reflexes (like the Hering-Breuer reflex) exist to prevent overinflation, this is primarily a function of the lungs and the medulla, not directly the hypothalamus.
B. It modifies the medulla oblongata's functions: The hypothalamus influences the medulla oblongata, which controls the basic rhythm and rate of breathing, allowing the body to adjust ventilation in response to emotional states, temperature changes, and other stimuli.
C. It maintains the basic rhythm of breathing: The basic rhythm of breathing is primarily generated by the medulla oblongata and pons, while the hypothalamus modulates these functions rather than maintaining them directly.
D. It monitors the respiration rate in sleep and awake states: While the hypothalamus does play a role in the sleep-wake cycle, the actual monitoring of respiration rate is managed by the respiratory centers in the brainstem (medulla and pons).
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Subclavian duct: There is no specific "subclavian duct" for lymph drainage; lymphatic fluid drains into the subclavian veins.
B. Thoracic duct: The thoracic duct drains lymph from the lower limbs and the left side of the body, returning it to the circulatory system at the junction of the left subclavian and internal jugular veins.
C. Left lymphatic duct: The thoracic duct is often referred to as the left lymphatic duct but is not limited to just left drainage.
D. Right lymphatic duct: The right lymphatic duct drains lymph from the right upper quadrant of the body but does not drain lymph from the lower limbs.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Seminal duct: There is no structure specifically called the "seminal duct" in male anatomy.
B. Epididymis: The epididymis is the tube where sperm mature, and it connects to the ductus deferens, not the urethra.
C. Prostatic duct: Prostatic ducts release prostatic fluid into the urethra, but they do not connect the ductus deferens to the urethra.
D. Ejaculatory duct: The ejaculatory duct connects the ductus deferens to the urethra, allowing sperm to enter the urethra for ejaculation.
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