Which layer of the heart well is in contact with pericardial fluid?
Endocardium
Fibrous pericardium
Epicardium
Myocardium
The Correct Answer is C
A. Endocardium: The endocardium is the innermost layer of the heart wall, lining the chambers and valves, and is not in contact with pericardial fluid.
B. Fibrous pericardium: This is the outermost layer of the pericardium but is not part of the heart wall. It provides protection and support but does not come into direct contact with pericardial fluid.
C. Epicardium: The epicardium is the outer layer of the heart wall and is in direct contact with pericardial fluid, which is found between the epicardium and the pericardium.
D. Myocardium: The myocardium is the middle muscular layer responsible for heart contractions and is not in contact with pericardial fluid.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. It decreases the heart rate.: Acetylcholine is a neurotransmitter that binds to receptors in the heart, leading to a decrease in heart rate by activating the parasympathetic nervous system.
B. It increases the heart rate.: Acetylcholine does not increase heart rate; that function is primarily associated with norepinephrine, which is part of the sympathetic nervous system.
C. It increases the rate of spontaneous depolarization: Acetylcholine actually decreases the rate of spontaneous depolarization in pacemaker cells of the heart, leading to a slower heart rate.
D. It shortens the time for repolarization.: Acetylcholine does not shorten repolarization; it increases the duration of repolarization due to the hyperpolarizing effects on the heart cells.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Gastrin: Gastrin stimulates gastric acid secretion in the stomach, not pancreatic bicarbonate.
B. Secretin: Secretin stimulates the pancreas to secrete bicarbonate, which neutralizes stomach acid in the duodenum.
C. Somatostatin: Somatostatin inhibits many digestive processes, including the release of digestive hormones, not bicarbonate.
D. Cholecystokinin (CCK): CCK stimulates the release of digestive enzymes from the pancreas but not bicarbonate.
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