What is the most significant risk factor for clubfoot?

Choice A:

Lidocaine gel to the umbilical stump is not a medication that the nurse should expect to administer to a newborn immediately following birth. Lidocaine gel is a topical anesthetic that is used to numb the skin before procedures such as injections or sutures. It is not indicated for the umbilical stump, which does not require any anesthesia.

Choice B:

Hepatitis B immunization is a medication that the nurse should expect to administer to a newborn immediately following birth. Hepatitis B is a viral infection that can cause liver damage and cancer. The immunization protects the newborn from contracting the infection from the mother or other sources. The immunization is given as an intramuscular injection in the anterolateral thigh within 12 hours of birth.

Choice C:

Phytonadione injection is a medication that the nurse should expect to administer to a newborn immediately following birth. Phytonadione is also known as vitamin K, which is essential for blood clotting. Newborns have low levels of vitamin K at birth, which puts them at risk of bleeding disorders such as hemorrhagic disease of the newborn. The injection is given as a single dose of 0.5 to 1 mg in the vastus lateralis muscle within 1 hour of birth.

Choice D:

Antibiotic ophthalmic ointment is a medication that the nurse should expect to administer to a newborn immediately following birth. Antibiotic ophthalmic ointment prevents eye infections caused by bacteria such as gonorrhea or chlamydia, which can be transmitted from the mother during delivery. The ointment is applied to both eyes within 1 hour of birth.

Choice E:

Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine (Hib) is not a medication that the nurse should expect to administer to a newborn immediately following birth. Hib is a bacterial infection that can cause meningitis, pneumonia, and other serious illnesses. The vaccine protects the newborn from Hib infection, but it is not given at birth. The vaccine is part of the routine immunization schedule and is usually given at 2, 4, and 6 months of age.

Choice A reason:

Fetal heart rate irregularities are not a sign of hydatidiform mole, as this condition involves an abnormal fertilization of the egg that results in an abnormal or absent fetus.

Choice B reason:

A hydatidiform mole is more commonly associated with dark brown to bright red vaginal bleeding, not whitish discharge. The bleeding may resemble prune juice and is often a sign of the abnormality.

Choice C reason:

Rapidly dropping human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) levels are not a sign of hydatidiform mole, as this condition causes very high levels of hCG due to the proliferation of trophoblastic tissue.

Choice D reason:

In a hydatidiform mole, the uterus often enlarges more rapidly than expected for the gestational age due to the overgrowth of trophoblastic tissue and the accumulation of fluid-filled vesicles. This excessive uterine enlargement is a key sign that could indicate the presence of a molar pregnancy.