What is the most significant risk factor for clubfoot?
Smoking
Trauma during pregnancy
Hypertension
Decreased circulation
The Correct Answer is A
Choice A reason:
Smoking is the most significant risk factor for clubfoot, according to several studies that have found a strong association between maternal smoking during pregnancy and the occurrence of clubfoot in the offspring. Smoking may affect the development of the muscles and tendons in the fetus, leading to abnormal positioning of the foot.
Choice B reason:
Trauma during pregnancy is not a significant risk factor for clubfoot, as there is no evidence that physical injury to the mother or the fetus can cause this deformity. Clubfoot is a congenital condition that is present at birth and usually detected by prenatal ultrasound.
Choice C reason:
Hypertension is not a significant risk factor for clubfoot, as there is no evidence that high blood pressure in the mother or the fetus can cause this deformity. Clubfoot is a congenital condition that is present at birth and usually detected by prenatal ultrasound.
Choice D reason:
Decreased circulation is not a significant risk factor for clubfoot, as there is no evidence that poor blood flow to the mother or the fetus can cause this deformity. Clubfoot is a congenital condition that is present at birth and usually detected by prenatal ultrasound.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is ["B","D","F","H"]
Explanation
Choice A:
Blood pressure is not a priority finding for a newborn with neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS). Blood pressure may be slightly elevated or normal in NAS, but it is not a sign of severe withdrawal or a risk for complications. •
Choice B:
Gastrointestinal disturbances are common and serious symptoms of NAS. They include poor feeding, vomiting, diarrhea, dehydration and poor weight gain. These can lead to electrolyte imbalance, malnutrition and failure to thrive. This choice requires immediate follow-up. •
Choice C:
Skin color is not a priority finding for a newborn with NAS. Skin color may be normal or slightly pale in NAS, but it is not a sign of severe withdrawal or risk for complications. •
Choice D:
NAS score is a priority finding for a newborn with NAS. NAS score is a tool used to assess the severity of withdrawal symptoms and the need for pharmacological treatment. A high NAS score indicates that the newborn needs medication to manage the withdrawal and prevent complications such as seizures. This choice requires immediate follow-up. •
Choice E:
Temperature is not a priority finding for a newborn with NAS. The temperature may be slightly elevated or normal in NAS, but it is not a sign of severe withdrawal or risk for complications. •
Choice F:
Oxygen saturation is a priority finding for a newborn with NAS. Oxygen saturation measures the amount of oxygen in the blood. Low oxygen saturation can indicate respiratory distress, which is a common and serious symptom of NAS. Respiratory distress can lead to hypoxia, acidosis, and brain damage. This choice requires immediate follow-up. •
Choice G:
Central nervous system disturbances are common and serious symptoms of NAS. They include tremors, irritability, excessive crying, hyperactivity, increased muscle tone, seizures, and sleep problems. These can indicate severe withdrawal and risk for neurological damage. This choice requires immediate follow-up.
Choice H:
Respiratory rate is a priority finding for a newborn with NAS. The respiratory rate measures the number of breaths per minute. A high respiratory rate can indicate respiratory distress, which is a common and serious symptom of NAS. Respiratory distress can lead to hypoxia, acidosis, and brain damage. This choice requires immediate follow-up.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A reason:
This is incorrect because formula-fed newborns typically have one or more stools per day, not every 3 days. Stooling less frequently than once a day may indicate constipation.
Choice B reason:
This is correct because breastfed newborns usually have two to three stools per day, which are soft and yellow. Breastfed babies may also have stools less frequently, even once every 10-14 days, as long as the stool is soft.
Choice C reason:
This is incorrect because newborns should be fed formula on demand, not on a strict schedule. The average feeding interval for formula-fed newborns is about 3 to 4 hours.
Choice D reason:
This is incorrect because newborns should be breastfed eight to 12 times per day, not five to seven times. Breastfeeding more frequently helps to establish milk supply and prevent engorgement. - Stanford Medicine.
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