What is the most common cause of early decelerations in fetal heart rate?

Fetal head compression

Uteroplacental insufficiency

Cord compression

Maternal hypertension

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A. Fetal head compression. Early decelerations are typically caused by fetal head compression during contractions. This is usually a benign finding and indicates that labor is progressing.

B. Uteroplacental insufficiency. Uteroplacental insufficiency causes late decelerations, not early decelerations. Late decelerations are more concerning and indicate fetal distress.

C. Cord compression. Cord compression causes variable decelerations, not early decelerations. Variable decelerations can occur at any time during a contraction.

D. Maternal hypertension. Maternal hypertension is not a direct cause of early decelerations. It may contribute to uteroplacental insufficiency, which causes late decelerations.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Nothing—this is a normal finding. Fetal heart rate accelerations are reassuring and indicate good fetal oxygenation and well-being. No intervention is needed.

B. Place patient on her left side. Changing position is an intervention for decelerations or abnormal fetal heart rate patterns, not for accelerations.

C. Give oxygen: Oxygen is administered in cases of fetal distress, such as prolonged decelerations or bradycardia, but not for normal accelerations.

D. Call provider. Accelerations are a positive sign, and there is no need to call the provider for this normal finding.

A. Assist in initiating IV access and administering IV fluid bolus B. Call for assistance immediately C. Apply finger pressure to the presenting part D. Administer oxygen at 10 L/min via a nonrebreather

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Assist in initiating IV access and administering IV fluid bolus: While IV fluids may be needed, the priority in this case is to address the umbilical cord prolapse, which poses an immediate risk to the baby.

B. Call for assistance immediately: Cord prolapse is an obstetric emergency that requires immediate assistance to prevent fetal hypoxia. Rapid response is crucial to save the baby.

C. Apply finger pressure to the presenting part: Although applying pressure to relieve compression on the cord is necessary, the first action should be to summon help to manage the emergency.

D. Administer oxygen at 10 L/min via a nonrebreather: Oxygen is important to improve maternal and fetal oxygenation, but calling for help is the immediate priority in this life-threatening situation.

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What is the most common cause of early decelerations in fetal heart rate?

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Explanation

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