What is considered a mild brain injury, unless the injury occurs repeatedly?
Concussion
Brainstem contusion
Subdural hematoma
Epidural hematoma
The Correct Answer is A
A. A concussion is considered a mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) that typically results in a temporary loss of brain function. It is often caused by a blow to the head and may result in confusion, dizziness, and loss of consciousness. However, if concussions occur repeatedly, they can lead to long-term cognitive impairment and other serious conditions like chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE).
B. A brainstem contusion is a more severe injury that affects the brainstem, which controls vital functions like breathing and heart rate. It is not classified as a mild injury.
C. A subdural hematoma is a collection of blood between the brain and its outermost covering. It is a serious condition that can result from a traumatic brain injury and is not considered mild.
D. An epidural hematoma is a collection of blood between the skull and the dura mater. It is often caused by a traumatic head injury and is considered a medical emergency, not a mild injury.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Dopamine is the neurotransmitter that is decreased in individuals with Parkinson's disease. Parkinson's disease is characterized by the degeneration of dopamine-producing neurons in the brain, leading to motor symptoms such as tremors, rigidity, and bradykinesia. Levodopa, a precursor to dopamine, is used to increase dopamine levels in the brain and alleviate symptoms.
B. Norepinephrine is involved in mood regulation and other functions, but it is not the primary neurotransmitter involved in Parkinson's disease.
C. Serotonin is a neurotransmitter that affects mood, sleep, and appetite, but it is not the primary neurotransmitter involved in Parkinson's disease.
D. Glutamate is an excitatory neurotransmitter, but its role is more related to other conditions like neurodegenerative diseases such as ALS, rather than Parkinson's disease.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. A cervical collar is not necessary for a lumbar laminectomy. A cervical collar is used for neck surgeries or spinal cord injuries involving the cervical spine, not for lumbar procedures.
B. The head of the bed elevated 30 degrees may be appropriate for certain conditions, but after a lumbar laminectomy, it is typically recommended to keep the head of the bed flat or slightly elevated to reduce pressure on the spine.
C. Logrolling the client every 2 hr is the correct action. After a lumbar laminectomy, the nurse should use the logroll technique to turn the patient to prevent strain on the spine and promote proper healing.
D. Supine with her arms elevated on pillows is not the best position. While elevation of the arms may be helpful for comfort, the focus should be on protecting the lumbar spine and ensuring proper positioning to prevent strain.
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