What information should a nurse plan to give the parents of a 9-month-old infant who is to be discharged after a cleft palate repair?

Choice A:
Hypoplastic left heart syndrome - Decreased pulmonary blood flow.
Choice B:
Tetralogy of Fallot - Obstruction to blood flow.
Choice C rationale:
Atrial Septal Defect is incorrectly matched with its hemodynamic classification. ASD results in increased pulmonary blood flow due to the shunting of oxygenated blood from the left atrium to the right atrium.
Choice D rationale:
Aortic Stenosis is again not accurately matched. Aortic stenosis causes obstruction to blood flow from the left ventricle to the aorta, impacting systemic circulation.

Choice A rationale:

X-linked dominant disorders are characterized by a mutation on the X chromosome that results in the expression of the trait in both males and females. Hemophilia, however, is more commonly associated with males, which is not consistent with an X-linked dominant pattern.

Choice B rationale:

Autosomal recessive disorders require the inheritance of two mutated alleles, one from each parent, to express the trait. Hemophilia does not follow this pattern, as the patient's sisters do not have the condition despite having affected parents.

Choice C rationale:

Autosomal dominant disorders only require the inheritance of one mutated allele from an affected parent to express the trait. Hemophilia does not align with an autosomal dominant pattern, as the patient's sisters would likely be affected if it were.

Choice D rationale:

Hemophilia is a classic example of an X-linked recessive disorder. The gene responsible for producing clotting factor is located on the X chromosome, and males have only one X chromosome, making them more susceptible to the disorder. Females, with two X chromosomes, usually act as carriers unless both X chromosomes carry the mutation.