A nurse is working on a pediatric cardiology unit and has four patients, each with a different congenital heart defect. Match the congenital heart defect with the correct hemodynamic classification.

Choice A rationale:

Hypercalcemia refers to high calcium levels in the blood, and it is not a common complication associated with furosemide use. Furosemide primarily affects electrolytes like potassium.

Choice B rationale:

Furosemide is a loop diuretic that can lead to excessive potassium loss through urine, potentially causing hypokalemia (low potassium levels). Monitoring potassium is crucial to prevent complications like muscle weakness and cardiac arrhythmias.

Choice C rationale:

Hypocalcemia, which is low calcium levels, is not a typical complication of furosemide use. Furosemide's primary impact is on sodium and potassium balance.

Choice D rationale:

Hyperkalemia is the opposite of what furosemide commonly causes. Furosemide-induced diuresis often leads to hypokalemia, not hyperkalemia.

Choice A rationale:

Ribbon-like stools are a classic sign of Hirschsprung's disease, indicating narrowed or obstructed bowel segments due to the absence of ganglion cells in the intestine's muscular layers.

Choice B rationale:

A distended abdomen is common in Hirschsprung's disease due to the accumulation of stool and gas in the narrowed segments of the intestine.

Choice C rationale:

Chronic constipation is a result of the dysfunctional intestinal motility caused by Hirschsprung's disease. The absence of ganglion cells leads to a lack of peristalsis and difficulty passing stools.

Choice D rationale:

Black and tarry stools are indicative of upper gastrointestinal bleeding, often caused by conditions like peptic ulcers. This finding is not directly related to Hirschsprung's disease.