What form of viral hepatitis is likely to be transmitted sexually?
Hepatitis B
Hepatitis C
Hepatitis E
Hepatitis A
The Correct Answer is B
Choice A reason: Hepatitis B is a viral infection that is commonly transmitted through sexual contact, as well as through exposure to infected blood or body fluids. It is highly infectious and can be spread through unprotected sex, sharing needles, or from an infected mother to her baby during childbirth. Hepatitis B can cause both acute and chronic liver disease, and vaccination is the most effective way to prevent infection.
Choice B reason: Hepatitis C is primarily transmitted through direct blood-to-blood contact. While it is less commonly spread through sexual contact compared to Hepatitis B, it is possible, particularly among individuals with multiple sexual partners or those who engage in high-risk sexual behaviors. Hepatitis C often becomes chronic, leading to serious liver damage over time. There is no vaccine for Hepatitis C, but antiviral medications can effectively cure the infection in most cases.
Choice C reason: Hepatitis E is primarily transmitted through the fecal-oral route, usually by consuming contaminated water or food. It is not commonly transmitted sexually. Hepatitis E is more prevalent in regions with poor sanitation, and it typically causes acute liver disease, which generally resolves on its own in most healthy individuals. Prevention includes good sanitation practices and proper hand hygiene.
Choice D reason: Hepatitis A is also transmitted through the fecal-oral route, primarily by ingesting contaminated food or water. It is not typically associated with sexual transmission. Hepatitis A causes acute liver disease, which usually resolves without long-term liver damage. Vaccination is available and effective in preventing Hepatitis A infection.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A reason: Seizures with auras can involve symptoms such as sensory disturbances before the seizure event, but they do not typically present with fever, nuchal rigidity (stiff neck), or decreased consciousness. These symptoms suggest an infectious or inflammatory process, not a seizure disorder.
Choice B reason: Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by tremors, stiffness, and bradykinesia (slowness of movement). It does not present with acute fever, headache, nuchal rigidity, or altered consciousness, nor is it associated with a history of sinusitis. The symptoms described are more indicative of an infectious condition rather than a chronic degenerative disease.
Choice C reason: Bacterial meningitis is an infection of the protective membranes covering the brain and spinal cord (meninges). It is characterized by symptoms such as fever, severe headache, nuchal rigidity, and altered consciousness. The history of sinusitis suggests a possible route of infection, as bacteria from the sinuses can spread to the meninges. The clinical presentation strongly supports the diagnosis of bacterial meningitis, which is a medical emergency requiring prompt treatment.
Choice D reason: Migraines can cause severe headaches and may be accompanied by nausea, vomiting, and sensitivity to light and sound. However, they do not typically cause fever, nuchal rigidity, or decreased consciousness. The presence of fever and neck stiffness suggests an infectious etiology rather than a primary headache disorder like migraines.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A reason: Renal stones, also known as kidney stones, are a common complication of gouty arthritis. Gout is caused by the accumulation of uric acid crystals in the joints, leading to inflammation and pain. High levels of uric acid in the blood can also lead to the formation of uric acid stones in the kidneys. These stones can cause severe pain, urinary obstruction, and increase the risk of urinary tract infections. Therefore, patients with gout are at a higher risk of developing renal stones due to the elevated uric acid levels.
Choice B reason: Cholelithiasis, or gallstones, is not directly associated with gouty arthritis. Gallstones are formed from cholesterol or bilirubin in the gallbladder and are more commonly related to conditions such as obesity, diabetes, and certain liver diseases. While they can cause significant health issues, they are not a typical complication of gout.
Choice C reason: Liver failure is not a common complication of gouty arthritis. While liver disease can occur due to other underlying conditions or as a side effect of medications used to treat gout, it is not directly caused by the elevated uric acid levels or the inflammation characteristic of gout.
Choice D reason: Myocarditis, which is inflammation of the heart muscle, is not typically associated with gouty arthritis. Myocarditis can be caused by infections, autoimmune diseases, or other factors, but it is not a known complication of elevated uric acid levels or gout.
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