The symptoms and signs of bowel obstruction are:

Abdominal pain and rectal bleeding.

Abdominal distention, pain, inability to have a bowel movement, and nausea/vomiting.

Dehydration, back pain, and fever.

Diarrhea and excessive thirst.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

Choice A reason: Abdominal pain and rectal bleeding are not the primary signs of a bowel obstruction. Rectal bleeding could be indicative of other gastrointestinal issues such as hemorrhoids, diverticulosis, or colorectal cancer. While abdominal pain is a symptom of bowel obstruction, rectal bleeding is not typically associated with it.

Choice B reason: The primary symptoms of bowel obstruction include abdominal distention, pain, inability to have a bowel movement, and nausea/vomiting. When a bowel obstruction occurs, the normal movement of intestinal contents is blocked, leading to a buildup of contents and gas. This results in abdominal distention and pain. The blockage also prevents the passage of stool and gas, causing constipation or inability to have a bowel movement. Nausea and vomiting are common as the digestive system tries to expel the contents that cannot pass through the obstruction.

Choice C reason: Dehydration, back pain, and fever are not the hallmark symptoms of bowel obstruction. While dehydration can occur due to vomiting and reduced intake, back pain is not commonly associated with bowel obstruction. Fever may indicate an infection or other complications but is not a primary symptom of bowel obstruction.

Choice D reason: Diarrhea and excessive thirst are not typical signs of bowel obstruction. In fact, bowel obstruction usually leads to constipation or the inability to pass stool rather than diarrhea. Excessive thirst could be a sign of dehydration but is not specific to bowel obstruction.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A reason: Hypernatremia (high sodium levels) is not typically associated with ACE inhibitors like enalapril. These medications do not significantly affect sodium levels in the body.

Choice B reason: Hypokalemia (low potassium levels) is not a common concern with ACE inhibitors. In fact, these medications can sometimes cause the opposite effect, leading to higher potassium levels.

Choice C reason: Hypertension (high blood pressure) is the condition that ACE inhibitors like enalapril are prescribed to treat. While monitoring blood pressure is important, it is not the specific concern related to potassium levels.

Choice D reason: Hyperkalemia (high potassium levels) is a significant concern for patients taking ACE inhibitors like enalapril. These medications can increase potassium levels in the blood, which can lead to serious complications such as cardiac arrhythmias. Therefore, patients need to be monitored carefully for signs of hyperkalemia, and their potassium levels should be checked regularly.

A. Prevent constipation B. Reduce flushing C. Minimize gingival hyperplasia D. Prevent reflex tachycardia

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A reason: Preventing constipation is not the primary reason for prescribing metoprolol alongside nifedipine. While managing side effects is important in patient care, metoprolol does not have a notable effect on gastrointestinal motility to address constipation.

Choice B reason: Reducing flushing is not the main purpose of metoprolol. Flushing can sometimes be a side effect of vasodilatory medications, but it is not the specific reason for adding a beta-blocker like metoprolol to a treatment regimen involving a calcium channel blocker like nifedipine.

Choice C reason: Minimizing gingival hyperplasia is not the intended effect of metoprolol. Gingival hyperplasia can be a side effect of certain medications, such as calcium channel blockers like nifedipine, but metoprolol does not specifically counteract this effect.

Choice D reason: Preventing reflex tachycardia is the primary reason for prescribing metoprolol alongside nifedipine. Nifedipine, a calcium channel blocker, can cause vasodilation, which may lead to a reflex increase in heart rate (tachycardia) as the body tries to maintain blood pressure. Metoprolol, a beta-blocker, helps prevent this reflex tachycardia by slowing the heart rate and reducing the workload on the heart, thus complementing the antihypertensive effect of nifedipine.

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The symptoms and signs of bowel obstruction are:

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A patient is taking ACEl enalapril Vasotec. The nurse understands that patients taking this type of drug for hypertension need to be monitored carefully for:

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A patient begins taking the calcium channel blocker, nifedipine [Procardia], along with metoprolol, to treat hypertension. The nurse understands that metoprolol is used to:

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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