A couple seeks counseling about the risk of their child developing a recessive disorder. The woman is affected and upon further testing it is determined that the man is a carrier. Which of the following is true?

There is a 25% chance that the offspring will be a carrier.

There is a 50% chance that the offspring will be a carrier.

There is a 75% chance that the offspring will be a carrier.

There is a 100% chance that the offspring will be a carrier.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

Choice A reason: There is not a 25% chance that the offspring will be a carrier. In the case of recessive disorders, if one parent is affected (homozygous recessive) and the other parent is a carrier (heterozygous), the offspring has a different probability of being a carrier or affected.

Choice B reason: There is a 50% chance that the offspring will be a carrier. If the mother is affected (aa) and the father is a carrier (Aa), each child has a 50% chance of inheriting one recessive allele (a) from the mother and one normal allele (A) from the father, making them a carrier (Aa).

Choice C reason: There is not a 75% chance that the offspring will be a carrier. The probability of the offspring being a carrier or affected follows specific Mendelian inheritance patterns, which do not result in a 75% carrier rate.

Choice D reason: There is not a 100% chance that the offspring will be a carrier. While there is a significant likelihood of the offspring being affected or a carrier, it is not guaranteed that all offspring will be carriers.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A reason: Severe hypotension is associated with prerenal acute kidney injury, not postrenal. Prerenal acute kidney injury results from decreased blood flow to the kidneys due to conditions like severe hypotension, leading to reduced kidney perfusion.

Choice B reason: Acute tubular necrosis (ATN) is a form of intrinsic or intrarenal acute kidney injury, not postrenal. ATN is typically caused by prolonged ischemia or exposure to nephrotoxic agents, which directly damage the kidney tubules.

Choice C reason: Postrenal acute kidney injury is caused by an obstruction in the urinary tract that prevents urine from leaving the kidneys, leading to increased pressure and kidney damage. Bilateral kidney stones partially blocking the flow of urine can cause such an obstruction, leading to postrenal acute kidney injury.

Choice D reason: Glomerulonephritis is a type of intrinsic or intrarenal acute kidney injury, not postrenal. It involves inflammation and damage to the glomeruli, the filtering units within the kidneys, and is not typically caused by an obstruction in the urinary tract.

A. To need short-term thyroid replacement therapy. B. To possibly need lifelong thyroid replacement therapy. C. To achieve full recovery after treatment. D. To receive lifelong iodine treatment.

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A reason: While some patients might need short-term thyroid replacement therapy after radioactive iodine treatment, this is not as common as the need for long-term or lifelong therapy. Radioactive iodine often causes hypothyroidism, which requires ongoing thyroid hormone replacement.

Choice B reason: Radioactive iodine treatment frequently leads to hypothyroidism, where the thyroid gland no longer produces enough thyroid hormone. As a result, patients often require lifelong thyroid hormone replacement therapy to maintain normal thyroid function. This is a common outcome and patients should be prepared for this possibility when undergoing treatment for Graves' disease.

Choice C reason: Although radioactive iodine is effective in treating Graves' disease, it does not guarantee full recovery without the need for further treatment. Most patients will develop hypothyroidism and need thyroid hormone replacement therapy. Complete recovery without any need for ongoing management is uncommon.

Choice D reason: Lifelong iodine treatment is not required after radioactive iodine therapy for Graves' disease. The primary treatment involves administering a specific dose of radioactive iodine to ablate the overactive thyroid tissue. Following this, patients typically need thyroid hormone replacement therapy, not continuous iodine treatment.

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A couple seeks counseling about the risk of their child developing a recessive disorder. The woman is affected and upon further testing it is determined that the man is a carrier. Which of the following is true?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

Postrenal acute kidney injury may be caused by:

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Radioactive iodine treatment is the therapy of choice in patients with Graves' disease. The patient should be prepared:

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A couple seeks counseling about the risk of their child developing a recessive disorder. The woman is affected and upon further testing it is determined that the man is a carrier. Which of the following is true?

A patient presents to a primary care provider reporting chest pain and is diagnosed with stable angina and atherosclerosis. This disease is caused by:

Males are more likely than females to be affected by:

Chronic pulmonary hypertension can eventually cause which complication?

A patient presents to a primary care provider reporting chest pain and is diagnosed with stable angina and atherosclerosis. This disease is caused by:

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A couple seeks counseling about the risk of their child developing a recessive disorder. The woman is affected and upon further testing it is determined that the man is a carrier. Which of the following is true?