What are the clinical presentations of respiratory distress in a neonate? (Select all that apply.)
Unlabored irregular respirations
Grunting
5-second apneic periods
Nasal flaring
Use of accessory muscles
Correct Answer : B,D,E
Choice A rationale
Unlabored irregular respirations are not typically associated with respiratory distress in a neonate. In fact, newborns naturally have irregular breathing patterns, which can range from fast and shallow to slow and deep.
Choice B rationale
Grunting is a common symptom of respiratory distress in neonates. This is an involuntary noise that a baby makes when exhaling. It’s the baby’s attempt to keep air in the lungs to help them stay open and filled with air.
Choice C rationale
While apneic periods (pauses in breathing) can occur in neonates, a 5-second pause is within the normal range. Apnea of concern in neonates, particularly those with respiratory distress, is usually defined as cessation of breathing for 20 seconds or longer, or a shorter pause if it is accompanied by a slow heart rate or low oxygen levels.
Choice D rationale
Nasal flaring, where the nostrils spread open during breathing, is another common sign of respiratory distress in neonates. It’s an indication that the baby is having to work harder to breathe.
Choice E rationale
Use of accessory muscles is a sign of respiratory distress in neonates. This means the baby is using additional muscles (other than the diaphragm and chest muscles) to breathe. This can be seen as indrawing or retractions, where the skin pulls in between the ribs or the neck sinks in with each breath.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Bradypnea, or abnormally slow breathing, is not a typical symptom of fetal alcohol syndrome. It is more commonly associated with conditions such as sleep apnea, drug overdose, or certain neurological conditions.
Choice B rationale
Hydrocephaly, a condition where there is an accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid within the brain, is not a common symptom of fetal alcohol syndrome. It is typically caused by other conditions such as birth defects, infections, or brain injuries.
Choice C rationale
Nystagmus (involuntary eye movement) and hypoactivity (reduced activity level) are not typical symptoms of fetal alcohol syndrome. These symptoms can be associated with a variety of neurological or eye disorders.
Choice D rationale
Small palpebral fissures (small eye openings), missing vertical groove in the median portion of the upper lip, and a thin upper lip are all characteristic facial features of fetal alcohol syndrome. These features result from prenatal alcohol exposure, which can interfere with normal development.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Insufficient dietary intake is not the main cause of hot flashes and night sweats in postmenopausal women.
Choice B rationale
Deficiency in estrogen is the primary cause of hot flashes and night sweats in postmenopausal women. During menopause, the levels of estrogen, a hormone that regulates the body’s temperature among other things, decrease. This can disrupt the body’s temperature control, leading to hot flashes and night sweats.
Choice C rationale
An active lifestyle is not the main cause of hot flashes and night sweats in postmenopausal women.
Choice D rationale
Changes in vaginal pH are not the main cause of hot flashes and night sweats in postmenopausal women.
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