What are some of the signs of Parkinson's disease?
Tremors, rigidity, bradykinesia/akinesia, postural instability
Dysphagia
Psychiatric changes: depression, anxiety, dementia, delirium, hallucinations
All of the above
The Correct Answer is D
Choice A: Tremors, rigidity, bradykinesia/akinesia, postural instability are correct because they are the cardinal motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease. They are caused by the degeneration of dopamine-producing neurons in the brain that control movement. Tremors are involuntary shaking of the limbs or other body parts. Rigidity is stiffness or resistance to movement. Bradykinesia/akinesia is slowness or absence of movement. Postural instability is impaired balance or coordination.
Choice B: Dysphagia is correct because it is a common non-motor symptom of Parkinson's disease. It is difficulty swallowing food or liquids. It can result from the impairment of the muscles involved in swallowing or from the reduced production of saliva. Dysphagia can cause malnutrition, dehydration, aspiration, or choking.
Choice C: Psychiatric changes: depression, anxiety, dementia, delirium, hallucinations are correct because they are also common non-motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease. They can result from the changes in the brain chemistry or structure, the side effects of medications, or the emotional impact of living with a chronic condition. Depression is a persistent feeling of sadness, hopelessness, or loss of interest. Anxiety is a feeling of nervousness, worry, or fear.
Dementia is a decline in cognitive functions such as memory, atention, or reasoning. Delirium is a sudden state of confusion, disorientation, or agitation. Hallucinations are false perceptions of things that are not there.
Choice D: All of the above are correct because they are possible signs of Parkinson's disease. However, not all patients experience all of these symptoms or to the same degree. The symptoms may vary depending on the stage and progression of the disease, the individual characteristics of the patient, and the treatment options available.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Ovarian cancer risk is increased in women who have not been pregnant, have a family history of ovarian cancer, have a personal history of breast or colon cancer, and have inherited gene mutations such as BRCA1 and BRCA2.
Hormonal contraceptives, having children, and the age at which a woman had her first child have been associated with a reduced risk of ovarian cancer. However, these factors do not completely eliminate the risk. It is still possible for women taking hormonal contraceptives, women who have had children, and women who had their first child at an early age to develop ovarian cancer
.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
This statement shows that the client understands the potential side effects of the treatment and knows to report any unusual symptoms to their healthcare provider. This is important because brachytherapy can cause vaginal bleeding, fever, or abdominal pain, which may be signs of infection or other complications.
Option a is partially correct, as it is important for clients undergoing active brachytherapy to restrict activity and avoid vigorous movements to prevent the dislodgement of radiation sources. However, this statement alone does not indicate that the client understands the potential complications or knows when to report them to the healthcare provider.
Option b is not directly related to the client's treatment or potential complications and does not indicate an understanding of the precautions and potential complications associated with active brachytherapy.
Option d is not necessarily required, as the client may not need to be in a private room during active brachytherapy. This option does not directly relate to the precautions or potential complications of the treatment.
Whether you are a student looking to ace your exams or a practicing nurse seeking to enhance your expertise , our nursing education contents will empower you with the confidence and competence to make a difference in the lives of patients and become a respected leader in the healthcare field.
Visit Naxlex, invest in your future and unlock endless possibilities with our unparalleled nursing education contents today