To separate genomic DNA fragments by size, which of these laboratory methods is most useful?

A possible modification could be: “Parasitic worm infestation can have both damaging and beneficial effects on the host.

While it can cause harm, it has also been found to reduce the severity of certain autoimmune disorders.”

Choice A. Worm infestation prevents the body from immune malfunction is not correct because it overstates the findings and implies that worm infestation completely prevents immune malfunction, which is not supported by the evidence.

Choice C. Worm infestations exacerbate the body’s immune reactions is not correct because it contradicts the new findings that worm infestation can relieve the effects of certain autoimmune disorders.

Choice D. Lack of worm infestations is the cause of some autoimmune disorders is not correct because it overstates the findings and implies a causal relationship between lack of worm infestations and autoimmune disorders, which is not supported by the evidence.

Cytokines are chemicals released by one type of immune cell to directly activate another type of immune cell.

They are small proteins that act as messengers between cells and play a key role in regulating the immune response.

Choice B. Lysozymes is not the correct answer because lysozymes are enzymes that break down bacterial cell walls and do not directly activate other immune cells.

Choice C. Perforin is not the correct answer because perforin is a protein that forms pores in the membranes of target cells and does not directly activate other immune cells.

Choice D. Granzymes is not the correct answer because granzymes are enzymes that enter target cells and trigger apoptosis (cell death) and do not directly activate other immune cells.