The public health nurse understands that under police power, the states can do which of the following?

A. Communicate concern with chain of command: Addressing moral distress requires advocating for ethical concerns. Reporting issues to supervisors or the chain of command can initiate discussions and potential solutions.

B. Seek support from ethics committees: Ethics committees provide guidance and a structured way to resolve ethical dilemmas, helping nurses navigate morally distressing situations.

C. Be proactive: Taking a proactive approach—such as staying informed on ethical policies and seeking resolution early—can help prevent worsening distress.

D. Examine ways to work toward addressing the stressors: Identifying specific causes of moral distress and finding ways to address them, whether through self-reflection or systemic changes, promotes resilience and ethical practice.

E. Avoid discussing with others situations leading to moral distress: Suppressing concerns can worsen distress and lead to burnout. Open discussions with trusted colleagues, mentors, or support groups can help process emotions and develop solutions.

A. Being bitten by an infected mosquito: A vector is an organism (e.g., a mosquito, tick, or flea) that transmits pathogens from one host to another. Mosquitoes transmit diseases like malaria, dengue fever, and Zika virus.

B. A group of partygoers hugging and shaking hands: This describes direct contact transmission, not vector-borne transmission.

C. Disease spreading from infected mother to infant via the placenta: This describes vertical transmission (from mother to child during pregnancy), not vector-borne transmission.

D. Two persons, one of whom is infected, sharing a glass of soda: This describes indirect contact transmission through fomites (contaminated objects), not vector-borne transmission.