The primary health care provider instructs the nurse to obtain the patient’s pain level every four hours. Which actions by the nurse help facilitate the pain assessment? Select all that apply.

The correct answer is choice B. Administer Percocet every six hours around the clock for two days.

This is because the patient has been receiving a continuous infusion of morphine via a PCA pump, which means that they have a steady level of opioids in their system.

If the PCA pump is discontinued abruptly and the patient is switched to oral analgesics PRN, they may experience withdrawal symptoms and inadequate pain relief.

Therefore, the patient needs to receive a scheduled dose of oral opioids for at least two days to prevent a sudden drop in opioid blood concentration and to maintain adequate analgesia.

After two days, the patient’s pain level and opioid requirement may be reassessed and the oral analgesics may be tapered or given PRN as needed.

Choice A is wrong because a higher dose of Percocet is not necessary if the patient reports satisfactory pain relief with the current PCA settings.The equivalent oral dose of morphine for the patient’s average PCA consumption is about 120 mg per day (20 mg x 6 doses), which is equivalent to about 80 mg of oxycodone per day (1.5 x 120 mg).

The prescribed dose of Percocet is 20 mg of oxycodone per day (5 mg x 4 doses), which is about 25% of the patient’s previous opioid requirement.This reduction is appropriate to account for incomplete cross-tolerance between different opioids.

Choice C is wrong because stopping morphine one hour before giving Percocet will not prevent a gap in analgesia.The half-life of morphine is about 2 to 4 hours, which means that it takes about 10 to 20 hours for morphine to be eliminated from the body.

Therefore, stopping morphine one hour before giving Percocet will not significantly reduce the morphine blood concentration and will not avoid the risk of additive effects or overdose.

Choice D is wrong because giving Percocet only if the patient reports breakthrough pain will not provide adequate pain relief for the patient who has been receiving a continuous infusion of morphine via a PCA pump.

The patient may experience withdrawal symptoms and increased pain sensitivity if the opioid blood concentration drops suddenly.

Therefore, the patient needs to receive a scheduled dose of oral opioids for at least two days to prevent a gap in analgesia and to allow a smooth transition from IV to oral opioids.

The correct answer is choice C) Chest pain.

This is because chest pain can be a sign of a serious cardiovascular event, such as a heart attack or stroke, which can be fatal.

Celecoxib is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that belongs to the class of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors.These drugs can increase the risk of cardiovascular thrombotic events, especially in patients with a history of heart disease or risk factors.

Therefore, the nurse should instruct the client to report chest pain immediately and seek emergency medical attention.

Choice A) Constipation is wrong because it is not a common or serious side effect of celecoxib.

Constipation can be caused by many factors, such as diet, dehydration, lack of exercise, or other medications.It can be managed by increasing fluid and fiber intake, using laxatives or stool softeners as needed, and consulting a doctor if it persists or worsens.

Choice B) Nausea is wrong because it is a common but mild side effect of celecoxib that usually goes away with time or can be reduced by taking the medication with food or milk.

Nausea is not a sign of a serious adverse reaction and does not require immediate medical attention.

Choice D) Headache is wrong because it is also a common but mild side effect of celecoxib that can be treated with over-the-counter pain relievers, such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen.

However, the client should avoid taking aspirin or other NSAIDs with celecoxib, as this can increase the risk of gastrointestinal bleeding and ulcers