The patient who is diagnosed with a seizure disorder is prescribed a ketogenic diet. The nurse knows that the patient understands the teaching when they state, "My diet will include:

high sodium and high sugar."

moderate protein and low fat."

high carbohydrates and high protein."

high fats and low carbohydrates."

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A. A ketogenic diet does not focus on high sodium or high sugar, as high sugar intake would increase carbohydrate levels.

B. A ketogenic diet is high in fat rather than low in fat.

C. High carbohydrates are avoided in a ketogenic diet, as the goal is to limit carbohydrates to promote ketone production.

D. The ketogenic diet consists of high fat and low carbohydrates, which helps to manage seizure activity by altering the brain's energy source to ketones rather than glucose.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. While lung injury could occur in traumatic situations, it is not the primary reason for mechanical ventilation in the context of a spinal cord injury.

B. A history of smoking may affect lung health but does not directly justify the immediate need for mechanical ventilation following a spinal cord injury.

C. The nerves that control lung function may be injured in a cervical spinal cord injury, particularly at higher levels like C3-C5, leading to respiratory muscle paralysis and necessitating mechanical ventilation to support breathing.

D. While unconsciousness may complicate breathing, the primary concern is the loss of function in the spinal cord nerves controlling respiration.

A. Administer antibiotics due to increased risk of infection B. Prevent the drainage by applying a pressure dressing C. Hang intravenous (IV) fluids to replace fluids lost D. Allow fluid to drain from the patient's ear onto gauze and notify provider

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Antibiotics may be necessary if infection is confirmed, but this is not the priority action.

B. Applying a pressure dressing could increase intracranial pressure or worsen the injury.

C. IV fluids can be helpful in managing shock but are not directly related to CSF leakage management.

D. Yellowish fluid from the ear, which creates a "halo" or yellow ring around it on gauze, may indicate cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage. This is a sign of a potential skull fracture and requires prompt provider notification. Allowing the fluid to drain and collecting it can provide necessary information about the injury.

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ABG Value	Normal Range
pH	7.35- 7.45
PaCO2	35-45 mm Hg
HCO3	22-25 mEq/L
Base excess	-2 to +2
PaO2	80-95 mm Hg
SaO2	>95%

The patient who is diagnosed with a seizure disorder is prescribed a ketogenic diet. The nurse knows that the patient understands the teaching when they state, "My diet will include:

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A patient presents to the emergency department with a cervical spinal cord injury immediately after a motor vehicle crash. What should the nurse explain to the family as the reason for the patient being placed on mechanical ventilation? The:

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

The nurse is caring for a trauma patient with suspected brain injury. The nurse notices a yellow stain around fluid dripping from the patient's ear. The nurse's priority intervention will be as follows:

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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