The parents of a 4-year-old boy are concerned because they have noticed him frequently touching his penis.
What knowledge would act as the basis for the nurse's response?

The correct answer is Choice A: Placing the infant downward into the crib.

Choice A rationale:

The parachute reflex, also known as the protective extension reflex, is demonstrated by holding the infant upright and then quickly tilting them downward (towards the crib or another surface). The infant should extend their arms forward as if to protect themselves from falling, demonstrating the reflex.

Choice B rationale:

Seating the infant in a stroller in an upright position does not involve the motion required to elicit the parachute reflex.

Choice C rationale:

Lifting the infant high in the air above her head does not demonstrate the parachute reflex. This action may cause startle or other reflexes but not the parachute reflex.

Choice D rationale:

Holding the infant in a football hold, cradling the head, does not position the infant in a way that would demonstrate the parachute reflex.

Choice A rationale:

It is essential to understand that children exploring their bodies, including touching their genitalia, is often a normal part of their development. However, suggesting that it is due to discomfort from a penile rash or irritation (Choice A) may pathologize typical behavior and cause unnecessary concern. It's important for healthcare providers and parents to differentiate between normal curiosity and potential signs of discomfort or distress.

Choice B rationale:

Masturbation in young children is not a sign of an excessive fear of castration (Choice B). Such interpretations are based on outdated psychoanalytic theories and are not considered valid explanations for this behavior. It's crucial to avoid making unwarranted psychological assumptions about children's actions.

Choice C rationale:

Choice C is the correct answer because, in most cases, frequent genital touching in young children is a manifestation of normal curiosity about their bodies and sexuality. It is an opportunity for parents and caregivers to educate children about privacy, appropriate behavior, and boundaries in a developmentally appropriate manner. This response reflects a current and evidence-based understanding of child development.

Choice D rationale:

Labeling this behavior as abnormal and suggesting the child should be referred for counseling (Choice D) is not appropriate unless there are specific signs of distress, compulsivity, or other concerning factors. Jumping to counseling without a valid reason can create unnecessary anxiety for the child and parents.