The nursing student is reviewing the chart of a patient admitted with ulcerative colitis. Which findings will the student identify to the nursing instructor as consistent with the patient's diagnosis? (Select All That Apply)

Hard, rigid abdomen and herniation of the umbilicus

Pallor, anemia, and fatigue

Abdominal cramping and passing of six or more liquid stools per day

Dehydration, vomiting, and weight loss

Free air in the peritoneum and bowel dilation on abdominal x-ray

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : B,C,D

Choice A reason: A hard, rigid abdomen and herniation of the umbilicus are not typical findings in ulcerative colitis. These symptoms may indicate other abdominal conditions such as hernia or peritonitis, but are not specific to ulcerative colitis.

Choice B reason: Pallor, anemia, and fatigue are consistent with ulcerative colitis due to chronic blood loss and inflammation. These symptoms indicate the body's response to ongoing disease activity and nutritional deficiencies.

Choice C reason: Abdominal cramping and passing of six or more liquid stools per day are hallmark symptoms of ulcerative colitis. These symptoms reflect active inflammation in the colon, leading to frequent and urgent bowel movements.

Choice D reason: Dehydration, vomiting, and weight loss are also consistent with ulcerative colitis, especially during severe flare-ups. These symptoms result from the body's inability to absorb nutrients and fluids properly due to inflammation.

Choice E reason: Free air in the peritoneum and bowel dilation on abdominal x-ray are more indicative of a perforation or obstruction, which are potential but severe complications of ulcerative colitis. These findings would require immediate medical attention.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A reason: Family history of common bile duct disorder is not a known trigger for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). IBS is a functional gastrointestinal disorder with multifactorial causes, including but not limited to genetics, gut-brain axis, and environmental factors. Bile duct disorders and IBS have different pathophysiological mechanisms and are not directly linked.

Choice B reason: The frequent occurrence of blood in the stool is not a cause of IBS. Blood in the stool is more indicative of other gastrointestinal conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), colorectal cancer, or haemorrhoids. IBS is characterized by abdominal pain, bloating, and changes in bowel habits without organic pathology such as bleeding.

Choice C reason: While there is some evidence suggesting that individuals with a family history of psychiatric disorders and food allergies may have a higher prevalence of IBS, it is not the main cause. These factors may contribute to the onset and exacerbation of symptoms but are part of a broader spectrum of triggers, including genetics, stress, and gut microbiota.

Choice D reason: Environmental and psychosocial factors are indeed associated with the onset of IBS. Factors such as stress, anxiety, depression, and traumatic life events can play a significant role in the development and exacerbation of IBS symptoms. Additionally, environmental factors like diet, infections, and changes in gut microbiota are known to influence IBS. This choice aligns with current evidence-based understanding of the condition.

A. Avoid alcoholic beverages late in the evening B. Take the medication in the evening C. Do a vigorous exercise routine right before bed D. Maintain the same consistent sleep schedule E. Read or do another quiet, noncomputer activity before bed

Correct Answer is ["A","D","E"]

Explanation

Choice A reason: Avoiding alcoholic beverages late in the evening can help improve sleep quality. Alcohol can disrupt the sleep cycle and lead to fragmented sleep. For someone experiencing insomnia, avoiding alcohol close to bedtime can prevent further sleep disturbances and help maintain a more restful sleep.

Choice B reason: Taking the medication in the evening is not recommended for patients experiencing insomnia as a side effect of prednisone. Prednisone is a corticosteroid that can increase alertness and cause difficulty sleeping. It is typically recommended to take the medication in the morning to align with the body's natural cortisol production and minimize sleep disturbances.

Choice C reason: Doing a vigorous exercise routine right before bed is not advisable. While regular exercise can promote better sleep, vigorous physical activity close to bedtime can stimulate the body and make it harder to fall asleep. It is better to exercise earlier in the day and engage in relaxing activities before bed to prepare the body for sleep.

Choice D reason: Maintaining the same consistent sleep schedule is crucial for managing insomnia. Going to bed and waking up at the same time every day helps regulate the body's internal clock and improve sleep quality. Consistency in sleep routines can make it easier to fall asleep and wake up refreshed.

Choice E reason: Reading or doing another quiet, noncomputer activity before bed is a good recommendation for improving sleep. Engaging in calming activities such as reading a book, listening to soothing music, or practicing relaxation exercises can help prepare the mind and body for sleep. Avoiding screens and bright lights before bed is important as they can interfere with the production of melatonin, a hormone that regulates sleep.

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The nursing student is reviewing the chart of a patient admitted with ulcerative colitis. Which findings will the student identify to the nursing instructor as consistent with the patient's diagnosis? (Select All That Apply)

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

The nurse is caring for a patient with a new diagnosis of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). The patient is upset and concerned about how they got IBS. What evidence-based information, related to the causes of IBS, will the nurse provide to this patient?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Correct Answer is ["A","D","E"]

Explanation

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