The nurse's auscultation of a client's lung fields reveals the presence of a wheeze. The nurse should recognize that this adventitious sound results from what pathophysiologic process?

Air being diverted from the trachea to the bronchi

Air passing through constricted passageways

Air increasing in turbulence in a wide passage

Air leaking from the alveoli into the pleural space

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A. Air being diverted from the trachea to the bronchi does not explain the cause of a wheeze. This is a normal part of airflow distribution.
B. Air passing through constricted passageways is correct. A wheeze is a high-pitched, musical sound that occurs when air flows through narrowed or obstructed airways, as seen in conditions like asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), or bronchitis.
C. Air increasing in turbulence in a wide passage is incorrect. Wheezing occurs due to airway narrowing, not widening.
D. Air leaking from the alveoli into the pleural space describes pneumothorax, which presents with absent breath sounds rather than wheezing.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. The colon does not secrete bile; bile is produced by the liver and stored in the gallbladder.
B. The colon does absorb electrolytes, but its primary function is water absorption, which helps form solid stool.
C. The colon does not secrete digestive enzymes; enzyme secretion occurs primarily in the stomach and small intestine.
D. The colon's primary function is absorbing large amounts of water, which helps maintain fluid balance and form feces. Disruptions, such as in colon cancer, can lead to diarrhea or constipation.

A. Client is experiencing a fluid deficit. B. Adventitious sounds are present. C. Hyperinflation of the lungs. D. Client has a pectus carinatum.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. A fluid deficit may cause tachycardia and hypotension, but it does not directly cause diminished lung sounds.
B. Adventitious sounds (wheezes, crackles, rhonchi, etc.) are absent in this case. Diminished breath sounds suggest poor airflow, not abnormal sounds.
C. Hyperinflation of the lungs is correct. In conditions like chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or emphysema, lung expansion is limited, leading to diminished breath sounds in all lung fields due to air trapping. The oxygen saturation of 92% is consistent with chronic lung disease.
D. Pectus carinatum (protrusion of the sternum) is a congenital deformity that does not cause diminished breath sounds.

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The nurse's auscultation of a client's lung fields reveals the presence of a wheeze. The nurse should recognize that this adventitious sound results from what pathophysiologic process?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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