The nurse that which of the following activities/conditions increases complications of hypoglycemia for the individual with type 1 diabetes? (SELECT ALL THAT APPLY)

taking prescribed tamsulosin for benign prostatic hyperplasia

having urinary retention due to bladder atony

jogging for 2 miles (3.2 km)

drinking 3 12 oz. (360 mL) bottles of beer in 2 hours

taking metoprolol XL 50 mg

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : C,D,E

A.   Tamsulosin primarily affects urinary function and is not directly related to glucose metabolism or insulin action. It does not significantly contribute to hypoglycemic events.
B.   While urinary retention can lead to discomfort and potential complications, it does not have a direct impact on blood glucose levels or increase the risk of hypoglycemia. However, if it results in increased stress or medication changes, it could indirectly affect glucose management.
C.   Physical activity, such as jogging, can increase the risk of hypoglycemia in individuals with Type 1 diabetes, especially if they do not adjust their insulin or carbohydrate intake accordingly. Exercise can enhance insulin sensitivity and cause blood glucose levels to drop.
D.   Alcohol can increase the risk of hypoglycemia, particularly in individuals with diabetes, because it can inhibit gluconeogenesis (the liver's ability to produce glucose). Drinking a significant amount of alcohol, especially without food, can lead to dangerously low blood sugar levels.
E.   Metoprolol, a beta-blocker, can mask the symptoms of hypoglycemia (such as increased heart rate and tremors), making it more difficult for the individual to recognize when they are hypoglycemic. This can lead to delayed treatment and increased risk of severe hypoglycemia.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

This is the correct time to start monitoring for hypoglycemia. The insulin would have started working by this time, and the nurse can assess for any signs of low blood sugar, such as sweating, shakiness, or confusion.

A. Dextrose 5% 0.45% Normal Saline IV B. Oxygen by nasal cannula C. 0.9% saline solution IV D. Administration of Glucagon

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. While D5 0.45% NS contains dextrose, it is not suitable as an initial treatment in HHS because patients are often hyperglycemic. Starting with dextrose can worsen hyperglycemia.
B. Although providing oxygen may be appropriate if the client shows signs of respiratory distress or hypoxia, it is not the first-line treatment for HHS. The immediate priority is addressing dehydration and hyperglycemia.
C. The initial therapy for HHS involves administering IV fluids, typically starting with 0.9% saline (normal saline). This helps to rapidly rehydrate the client and dilute the high glucose levels in the blood. Correcting dehydration is critical in HHS management.
D. Glucagon is typically used to treat hypoglycemia, not hyperglycemia. In HHS, the patient is hyperglycemic, so administering glucagon would not be appropriate.

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The nurse that which of the following activities/conditions increases complications of hypoglycemia for the individual with type 1 diabetes? (SELECT ALL THAT APPLY)

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A client with Type 2 diabetes is brought into the emergency room in an unresponsive state. A diagnosis of Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic Syndrome (HHS) is made. The nurse prepares for the administration of which initial therapy?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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