The nurse should first address the client’s

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followed by the client’s

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.

Choice A rationale

For a preschooler, play is the primary mechanism for coping and learning. A pounding board allows the child to express frustration and aggression in a safe, appropriate manner. This type of play helps to relieve tension and anxiety associated with hospitalization. It provides a healthy outlet for emotions that the child may not be able to articulate verbally, which is crucial for this developmental stage.

Choice B rationale

Preschoolers have a limited understanding of complex language. Using medical terminology can be frightening and confusing to them, increasing their anxiety. Nurses should use simple, concrete language that the child can understand, such as "checking your arm" instead of "taking your blood pressure," to help them feel more secure and cooperative with care.

Choice C rationale

Preschoolers thrive on routine and predictability. Establishing a new routine can be disruptive and increase their stress and fear. The nurse should strive to maintain as much of the child's home routine as possible to provide a sense of security and normalcy. This helps them feel more in control and less overwhelmed by the hospital environment.

Choice D rationale

A preschooler may experience separation anxiety when a parent leaves the room. Performing assessments while the parent is present helps the child feel more secure and supported. The parent can also provide comfort and help distract the child, which can make procedures easier and less frightening for the child. This promotes a trusting relationship between the child, parent, and nurse.

Choice A rationale

Administering a suppository is considered a medication administration task, which requires a licensed nurse to perform. This task involves critical thinking and a solid understanding of anatomy, physiology, and pharmacology, as well as the potential for adverse reactions. Therefore, this cannot be delegated to an assistive personnel (AP), whose scope of practice does not include medication administration.

Choice B rationale

Providing home care instructions is part of client education, which is a key responsibility of a licensed nurse. This task requires a thorough understanding of the client's condition, treatment plan, and the ability to assess their learning needs. An AP is not trained to assess, plan, or implement teaching plans for clients, so this task is outside their scope of practice.

Choice C rationale

Suctioning a newly inserted tracheostomy is a skilled and invasive procedure that carries a high risk of complications, such as hypoxemia, trauma, or infection. This procedure requires a nurse's professional judgment and a clear understanding of sterile technique. The AP's role is to provide basic care, not to perform such complex and high-risk procedures.

Choice D rationale

Performing rescue breathing, or cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), is an emergency procedure that falls within the scope of an AP's training. All healthcare workers, including APs, are required to have a basic life support certification. In a medical emergency, every staff member is expected to perform basic life-saving measures, such as rescue breathing, to prevent further client harm. *.