The nurse providing feeding instructions to a family with a newborn with cleft lip and palate will include:

Demonstrating feeding the infant using the squeeze bottle and ESSR method of feeding

Informing the family that supplemental feeding through an N/G tube will probably be needed.

Instructing the parents to add rice cereal to the formula.

Infants with cleft lip and palate usually have an easy time breastfeeding

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

Choice A reason: The squeeze bottle and ESSR method of feeding are recommended for infants with cleft lip and palate as they allow for better control of the flow and volume of the formula, prevent air swallowing and aspiration, and promote oral stimulation and development.

Choice B reason: Supplemental feeding through an N/G tube is not usually necessary for infants with cleft lip and palate unless they have severe feeding difficulties, failure to thrive, or other complications. The goal is to promote oral feeding as much as possible.

Choice C reason: Adding rice cereal to the formula is not advised for infants with cleft lip and palate as it can increase the risk of aspiration, choking, and infection. Rice cereal can also interfere with the absorption of iron and other nutrients from the formula.

Choice D reason: Infants with cleft lip and palate usually have a hard time breastfeeding as they cannot create a proper seal and suction with the nipple. Breastfeeding may be possible with some modifications and support, but it is not the norm.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A reason: Increased stroke volume is not a correct answer as it means that the heart pumps more blood with each contraction. This would result in increased blood pressure and perfusion, not cool extremities, weak pulses, and low urine output.

Choice B reason: Cardiac arrhythmia is not a correct answer as it means that the heart beats irregularly or abnormally. This can cause palpitations, chest pain, or fainting, but not necessarily cool extremities, weak pulses, and low urine output.

Choice C reason: Decreased cardiac output is a correct answer as it means that the heart pumps less blood than the body needs. This can result from a ventricular septal defect, which causes blood to shunt from the left ventricle to the right ventricle, reducing the amount of oxygenated blood that reaches the tissues. This can cause cool extremities, weak pulses, and low urine output, as well as fatigue, poor growth, and shortness of breath.

Choice D reason: Cyanosis is not a correct answer as it means that the skin, lips, or nails turn blue due to low oxygen levels in the blood. This can occur in some cases of ventricular septal defect, especially if there is pulmonary hypertension or a reversal of the shunt. However, cyanosis is not a direct cause of cool extremities, weak pulses, and low urine output.

A. Chromosomal mutation is the cause. B. Slow feeding will be necessary for a few months. C. Dietary restrictions will be required throughout childhood. D. Surgery will be necessary.

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A reason: Chromosomal mutation is not the cause of hypertrophic pyloric stenosis. The exact cause is unknown, but it may be related to genetic, environmental, or hormonal factors.

Choice B reason: Slow feeding will not be sufficient to manage hypertrophic pyloric stenosis. The infant will have persistent vomiting, dehydration, and weight loss due to the obstruction of the pylorus.

Choice C reason: Dietary restrictions will not be effective for hypertrophic pyloric stenosis. The infant will not be able to tolerate any oral intake until the pylorus is surgically corrected.

Choice D reason: Surgery will be necessary to treat hypertrophic pyloric stenosis. The surgery is called pyloromyotomy, which involves cutting the thickened muscle of the pylorus to allow the stomach to empty into the duodenum.

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The nurse providing feeding instructions to a family with a newborn with cleft lip and palate will include:

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A six-month-old infant is hospitalized for repair of a ventricular septal defect. As you are doing his physical exam, you note that the infant's extremities are cool, he has weak peripheral pulses, and his urine output is diminished. These clinical findings are suggestive of which of the following?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

The mother of an infant with hypertrophic pyloric stenosis asks the nurse many questions about the problem. When answering these questions, the nurse should convey the idea that:

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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The nurse providing feeding instructions to a family with a newborn with cleft lip and palate will include:

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