The nurse is teaching the client with hypernatremia about dietary restrictions. Which foods would the nurse tell them to avoid?

A. Hypercalcemia: AKI is typically associated with hypocalcemia because the kidneys fail to convert vitamin D to its active form, reducing calcium absorption.

B. Elevated BUN: AKI leads to impaired renal filtration, causing elevated blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine levels due to the accumulation of nitrogenous waste.

C. Metabolic alkalosis: AKI usually causes metabolic acidosis, not alkalosis, due to the accumulation of acids (e.g., lactic acid, uremic toxins).

D. Hypokalemia: AKI commonly leads to hyperkalemia due to reduced potassium excretion.

A. Obtain vital signs: Dizziness and lightheadedness during dialysis suggest hypotension, a common complication. The nurse should first assess vital signs to determine the severity before taking further action.

B. Bolus the client with 1000 mL of normal saline: If the client is hypotensive, a smaller fluid bolus (e.g., 250–500 mL) would be more appropriate.

C. Turn off the dialysis machine immediately: Stopping dialysis abruptly may cause fluid overload and other complications. The rate may need adjustment but not immediate cessation.

D. Notify the health care provider as soon as possible: While important, assessing the client’s current status is the priority before contacting the provider.