The nurse is teaching a group of staff nurses about brain (B-type) natriuretic peptide (BNP). Which statement by the group would indicate that they understand the instruction?

"It is an amino acid which reflects damage to the endothelial lining of arteries.

"It is a substance composed of free fatty acids reflective of atherosclerosis

"It is a reliable indicator of the presence of heart failure."

“It is a protein produced by the liver in response to systemic inflammation."

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

A. "It is an amino acid which reflects damage to the endothelial lining of arteries." BNP is not related to endothelial damage.

B. "It is a substance composed of free fatty acids reflective of atherosclerosis." BNP is not composed of free fatty acids, and it does not reflect atherosclerosis.

C. "It is a reliable indicator of the presence of heart failure." BNP is a hormone released by the heart in response to increased pressure and volume. Elevated levels of BNP are commonly used as a diagnostic marker for heart failure, especially during exacerbations or decompensation.

D. "It is a protein produced by the liver in response to systemic inflammation." BNP is produced by the heart, not the liver.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Sinus rhythm with first-degree heart block: This rhythm is characterized by a regular sinus rhythm with a prolonged PR interval (greater than 0.20 seconds), indicating a first-degree heart block.

B. ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI): STEMI is indicated by significant ST-segment elevation in specific leads, showing acute myocardial infarction.

C. Atrial fibrillation: Atrial fibrillation shows an irregularly irregular rhythm without distinct P waves.

D. Ventricular tachycardia: Ventricular tachycardia is a rapid heart rhythm originating from the ventricles, with wide QRS complexes and no preceding P waves.

A. Client should increase potassium-rich foods in the diet B. Family members of the client should have a cardiac screening C. Client should notify the provider if palpitations develop D. Female clients should use measures to prevent pregnancy E. Client should use caution when taking over-the-counter (OTC) medications F. Client should avoid extremely hot or cold environments G. Client should be encouraged to quit smoking H. Client requires prophylactic antibiotics before dental procedures I. Client should avoid high amounts of caffeine and alcohol

Correct Answer is ["C","E","G","I"]

Explanation

A. Client should increase potassium-rich foods in the diet: Not applicable, as mitral valve prolapse (MVP) is not related to potassium levels.

B. Family members of the client should have a cardiac screening: This is unnecessary unless there is a strong family history of connective tissue disorders associated with MVP.

C. Client should notify the provider if palpitations develop: Palpitations can indicate arrhythmias, which are a possible complication of MVP.

D. Female clients should use measures to prevent pregnancy: Pregnancy is generally not contraindicated in MVP unless there is significant valve regurgitation.

E. Client should use caution when taking OTC medications: Stimulants in OTC drugs, like decongestants, can exacerbate palpitations.

F. Client should avoid extremely hot or cold environments: This is not typically required for MVP.

G. Client should be encouraged to quit smoking: Smoking can exacerbate cardiovascular risks associated with MVP.

H. Client requires prophylactic antibiotics before dental procedures: Not recommended unless there is a history of endocarditis or significant valve regurgitation.

I. Client should avoid high amounts of caffeine and alcohol: Both can exacerbate symptoms like palpitations and arrhythmias.

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The nurse is teaching a group of staff nurses about brain (B-type) natriuretic peptide (BNP). Which statement by the group would indicate that they understand the instruction?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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