The nurse is teaching a client about preventing symptoms of thalassemia.
Which of the following information should the nurse include in the teaching?
"It is important to avoid exposure to cold climates.”.
"You need to consume an increased amount of oral fluids daily.”.
"Include iron and vitamin B12-rich foods in your diet each day.”.
"Be sure to check the list of medications and substances to avoid before starting anything new.”. . . .
The Correct Answer is D
Choice A rationale
Avoiding exposure to cold climates is not specific to thalassemia prevention. While cold environments may exacerbate general vasoconstriction, they do not influence the genetic and hematologic basis of thalassemia symptoms.
Choice B rationale
Increasing fluid intake does not directly address thalassemia pathophysiology. While hydration is vital, it does not correct the primary anemia or the compromised oxygen delivery stemming from abnormal hemoglobin synthesis.
Choice C rationale
Iron and vitamin B12-rich foods are beneficial for conditions involving deficiency anemia. However, thalassemia involves a genetic defect in hemoglobin chains, so excess iron could even result in iron overload complications.
Choice D rationale
Medications and substances that exacerbate hemolysis, such as sulfonamides or antimalarials, should be avoided in thalassemia. Awareness and prevention of exposure are key to minimizing symptoms and complications in affected individuals. .
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Right and left-sided diastolic failure refers to impairment in ventricular relaxation in both sides of the heart. This prevents proper ventricular filling, leading to decreased cardiac output and congestion in pulmonary and systemic circuits. However, the condition described involves only the right heart, making this option incorrect scientifically.
Choice B rationale
Right-sided systolic and diastolic failure involves impaired right ventricular contraction (systolic) and relaxation (diastolic). Since the scenario specifically focuses on diastolic dysfunction alone due to ventricular thickening, systolic dysfunction is not implicated. Thus, this choice does not align with the clinical presentation given.
Choice C rationale
Right-sided diastolic failure is characterized by thickened ventricular walls (often due to hypertrophy or restrictive cardiomyopathy) that impair ventricular relaxation. This reduces ventricular filling, leading to systemic venous congestion. The described pathology fits this condition, making it the accurate answer according to the description of right-sided heart failure.
Choice D rationale
Right-sided systolic failure occurs when the heart cannot effectively pump blood out of the right ventricle due to weakened contraction. Since the described issue involves diastolic dysfunction from thickened myocardial walls, systolic dysfunction is not a feature here, rendering this option scientifically incorrect. .
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Ureteral stones cause severe, colicky pain that radiates to the groin or genital area. The ureter’s narrow anatomy can trap stones, causing obstruction. This obstruction triggers increased intrarenal pressure and ureteral spasms, producing waves of intense pain. Hematuria and urinary urgency with minimal voiding are common due to mucosal irritation or obstruction.
Choice B rationale
While small stones may pass spontaneously, predicting exact timelines is speculative. Passage depends on factors like stone size, location, and hydration. For stones larger than 5 mm, spontaneous passage rates decrease, often requiring intervention. Therefore, giving definite timeframes may misinform patients and delay appropriate care.
Choice C rationale
Bladder stones typically cause suprapubic pain, urinary frequency, and hematuria rather than radiating pain to the thigh or genital area. Bladder irritation may lead to dysuria or cloudy urine, but the described symptoms are more consistent with ureteral obstruction rather than bladder involvement.
Choice D rationale
Some stones do require procedural removal, especially those causing recurrent infections or obstruction. However, initial management includes conservative measures like hydration and pain control, reserving procedures for unresolvable cases. Early procedural focus may unnecessarily alarm the client or overlook noninvasive options.
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