The nurse is preparing discharge instructions for a patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus who will be starting exenatide.
What information should be included in the discharge instructions?

Notify your healthcare provider if you start having abdominal pain.

Inject exenatide within 30 minutes before or after a meal.

Exenatide acts in the same way as insulin in lowering blood glucose.

There are no precautions about taking exenatide with other medications.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

Choice A rationale

Exenatide is a medication used to improve blood sugar control in adults with type 2 diabetes. One of the potential side effects of exenatide is pancreatitis, which can cause severe abdominal pain. Therefore, patients should be instructed to notify their healthcare provider if they start having abdominal pain after starting exenatide.

Choice B rationale

Exenatide should be injected within 60 minutes (1 hour) before the morning and evening meal (or before the two main meals of the day, at least 6 hours apart), not 30 minutes before or after a meal. Therefore, this instruction is incorrect.

Choice C rationale

Exenatide does not act in the same way as insulin. While both insulin and exenatide help to control high blood sugar, they work in different ways. Insulin allows sugar in your blood to enter your cells, while exenatide works by increasing the release of insulin when blood sugar levels are high, decreasing the amount of glucose produced and released by the liver, and slowing gastric emptying.

Choice D rationale

There are precautions about taking exenatide with other medications. For example, exenatide may affect the absorption of some orally administered drugs due to its effect on gastric emptying. Therefore, patients should be advised to take oral medications that require rapid absorption at least 1 hour before injecting exenatide.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A rationale

Osteoarthritis is a joint disease in which the tissues in the joint, including the cartilage, break down over time. The degradation of joint cartilage is the primary pathological condition that leads to the symptoms of osteoarthritis, such as increased pain and stiffness.

Choice B rationale

A systemic inflammatory response is not the primary cause of osteoarthritis. While inflammation can occur in the affected joint, osteoarthritis is not a systemic inflammatory disease like rheumatoid arthritis.

Choice C rationale

An infectious process in the synovial fluid is not typically associated with osteoarthritis. Infections can lead to a different type of arthritis known as septic arthritis.

Choice D rationale

A decrease in bone mineral density is associated with osteoporosis, not osteoarthritis. In osteoarthritis, the issue is primarily with the degradation of cartilage, not a loss of bone density.

A. Thick, dry, and dark area on bilateral heels. B. Broken skin without evidence of undermining. C. Defined area of persistent redness over bone. D. Superficial sacral pressure injury with defined margins.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A rationale

A thick, dry, and dark area on the heels could indicate a more advanced stage of a pressure injury, not the earliest indication.

Choice B rationale

Broken skin without evidence of undermining could also indicate a more advanced stage of a pressure injury.

Choice C rationale

A defined area of persistent redness over a bony prominence is often the earliest sign of a developing pressure injury. This is because these areas are more susceptible to pressure and have less padding to protect them.

Choice D rationale

A superficial sacral pressure injury with defined margins is a more advanced stage of a pressure injury.

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The nurse is preparing discharge instructions for a patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus who will be starting exenatide.What information should be included in the discharge instructions?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

An elderly patient with osteoarthritis is experiencing increased pain and stiffness in their right knee.What pathological condition should the nurse identify as the cause of these symptoms?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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The nurse is preparing discharge instructions for a patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus who will be starting exenatide.
What information should be included in the discharge instructions?