The nurse is performing a head-to-toe physical examination on a known victim of intimate partner violence. The visual exam reveals several round, flat, pinpoint, red spots. How should the nurse document this finding?

Hematoma.

Vesicle.

Ecchymosis.

Petechiae.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A.   A hematoma refers to a collection of blood outside of blood vessels, typically resulting in a bruise or swelling. The description of round, flat, pinpoint red spots does not suggest this type of injury.
B.   Vesicles are small fluid-filled blisters, which do not match the description of the pinpoint red spots. Vesicles would be more elevated and contain fluid.
C.   Ecchymosis refers to a bruise, or large, irregular areas of discoloration caused by blood leaking into the tissues. The description of pinpoint red spots suggests petechiae, not ecchymosis.
D.   Petechiae are small, round, flat, pinpoint red or purple spots that occur when small blood vessels (capillaries) break under the skin. This is the most appropriate description for the observed finding, particularly in the context of trauma from intimate partner violence.

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Correct Answer is ["60"]

Explanation

To calculate pack-years, multiply the number of packs smoked per day by the number of years the client smoked. In this case, 3 packs per day for 20 years equals 60 pack-years.

A. An expected variation. B. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). C. Fungal infection. D. Psoriasis.

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Longitudinal ridges on the fingernails are a common finding in older adults and often do not indicate any underlying health problems. These ridges may develop due to normal aging processes as the rate of nail growth slows.
B. While COPD can cause changes in the nails, such as clubbing, longitudinal ridges are not typically associated with this condition. COPD is more likely to cause cyanosis and other signs related to poor oxygenation.
C. A fungal infection usually causes discoloration, thickening, or brittleness in nails, but not longitudinal ridges. Fungal infections would likely affect the overall appearance of the nail rather than causing isolated ridges.
D. Psoriasis can cause pitting, scaling, or thickening of the nails, but longitudinal ridges are not characteristic of this condition. Psoriasis typically affects the skin more than the nails, though it can lead to changes in nail structure.

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The nurse is performing a head-to-toe physical examination on a known victim of intimate partner violence. The visual exam reveals several round, flat, pinpoint, red spots. How should the nurse document this finding?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

The nurse is doing a health assessment of a client who smoked three packs of cigarettes every day for the last twenty years before quitting two years ago. How should the nurse document the client's pack-years? (Enter the numerical value only.)

Correct Answer is ["60"]

Explanation

When performing a skin and nail exam on an older adult female client, the nurse notes that she has longitudinal ridges on her fingernails. What does this finding indicate?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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