The nurse is explaining the alteration in normal function to a patient recently diagnosed with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Which etiology contributing to GERD does the nurse include in the teaching session?
Incompetent lower esophageal sphincter.
Decreased pressure within the stomach.
Transient constriction of the lower esophageal sphincter
Prolonged constriction of the upper esophageal sphincter.
The Correct Answer is A
The lower esophageal sphincter (LES) is a muscular ring located between the esophagus and stomach. Its function is to prevent the backflow of stomach acid and contents into the esophagus. In GERD, the LES becomes weak or relaxed, allowing stomach acid to flow back up into the esophagus, leading to symptoms such as heartburn, regurgitation, and chest pain.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
This finding suggests that the client may have experienced a hip fracture. The shorter leg can be a result of the fractured bone, causing a misalignment or displacement. The protruding bump on the side can be a sign of a dislocated or fractured hip joint. It is important to assess and confirm this suspicion through appropriate diagnostic measures, such as X-rays, to provide the necessary medical intervention and management.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A 3% saline solution is a hypertonic solution used to increase serum sodium levels in cases of severe hyponatremia. However, it can lead to fluid overload and pulmonary edema. The presence of crackles throughout both lung fields indicates the accumulation of fluid in the lungs, which is a serious adverse outcome.
The patient's radial pulse rate of 105 beats/min is within a normal range and does not directly indicate an adverse effect of the saline infusion.
The presence of sediment and blood in the patient's urine may be unrelated to the 3% saline infusion and could indicate other issues such as urinary tract infection or kidney injury.
An increase in blood pressure from 66/50 to 122/74 mmHg is an expected effect of a hypertonic solution like 3% saline, as it can cause an increase in intravascular volume. While the increase in blood pressure is significant, it does not represent an adverse outcome specific to the infusion itself.
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