The nurse is explaining the alteration in normal function to a patient recently diagnosed with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Which etiology contributing to GERD does the nurse include in the teaching session?

Incompetent lower esophageal sphincter.

Decreased pressure within the stomach.

Transient constriction of the lower esophageal sphincter

Prolonged constriction of the upper esophageal sphincter.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

The lower esophageal sphincter (LES) is a muscular ring located between the esophagus and stomach. Its function is to prevent the backflow of stomach acid and contents into the esophagus. In GERD, the LES becomes weak or relaxed, allowing stomach acid to flow back up into the esophagus, leading to symptoms such as heartburn, regurgitation, and chest pain.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

These symptoms suggest the possibility of deep vein thrombosis (DVT), which is a potentially serious complication following surgery. DVT occurs when a blood clot forms in a deep vein, commonly in the lower extremities. The symptoms of a swollen, warm, and painful calf can indicate the presence of a DVT.

DVT is a medical emergency that requires immediate attention and intervention to prevent further complications such as a pulmonary embolism (where the blood clot travels to the lungs). Prompt evaluation and treatment, such as anticoagulant therapy, are necessary to prevent complications

A. Administer anti-hypertensives B. Obtain blood cultures C. Administer broad spectrum antibiotics D. Obtain lactate levels E. Administer IV fluid bolus

Correct Answer is ["B","C","D","E"]

Explanation

The initial bundle of care in sepsis includes the following:

Obtain blood cultures: Blood cultures help identify the specific microorganism causing the infection, which is important for guiding appropriate antibiotic therapy.
Administer broad-spectrum antibiotics: Early administration of antibiotics is crucial in sepsis to target the suspected or likely infectious organisms. Broad-spectrum antibiotics cover a wide range of potential pathogens until more specific information from culture results is available.
Obtain lactate levels: Measuring lactate levels helps assess tissue perfusion and can be used as an indicator of the severity of sepsis. Elevated lactate levels are associated with tissue hypoperfusion and increased mortality.
Administer IV fluid bolus: Early aggressive fluid resuscitation is an essential component of sepsis management. Administering intravenous fluids helps restore intravascular volume and improve tissue perfusion.
Administration of vasopressors: Especially in the setting of hypotension and to maintain MAP above 65mmHg.

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The nurse is explaining the alteration in normal function to a patient recently diagnosed with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Which etiology contributing to GERD does the nurse include in the teaching session?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

The nurse assesses a patient who had a total abdominal hysterectomy 2 days ago. Which information about the patient is most important to communicate to the health care provider?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

The initial bundle of care in sepsis includes which of the following? (Select all that apply.)

Correct Answer is ["B","C","D","E"]

Explanation

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