The nurse is explaining the alteration in normal function to a patient recently diagnosed with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Which etiology contributing to GERD does the nurse include in the teaching session?
Incompetent lower esophageal sphincter.
Decreased pressure within the stomach.
Transient constriction of the lower esophageal sphincter
Prolonged constriction of the upper esophageal sphincter.
The Correct Answer is A
The lower esophageal sphincter (LES) is a muscular ring located between the esophagus and stomach. Its function is to prevent the backflow of stomach acid and contents into the esophagus. In GERD, the LES becomes weak or relaxed, allowing stomach acid to flow back up into the esophagus, leading to symptoms such as heartburn, regurgitation, and chest pain.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Nausea and vomiting can lead to excessive loss of fluids and electrolytes, including potassium, from the body. Gastroenteritis is an inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract typically caused by viral or bacterial infections. It is commonly characterized by symptoms such as diarrhea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and fever. Antibiotics are not typically used to treat viral gastroenteritis and would not directly cause the electrolyte imbalance. Administration of IV Furosemide, a diuretic, would increase urine output but is not typically used to treat gastroenteritis. The fever itself may contribute to fluid loss but would not directly cause the electrolyte imbalance.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Cushing's syndrome is a disorder characterized by excessive production or prolonged exposure to high levels of glucocorticoids, particularly cortisol. This can occur due to various reasons, such as the use of corticosteroid medications or overproduction of cortisol by the adrenal glands. Elevated glucocorticoid levels result in a variety of clinical manifestations associated with Cushing's syndrome, including weight gain, central obesity, muscle wasting, thinning of the skin, easy bruising, and impaired glucose metabolism.
It's important to note that Cushing's syndrome can have different underlying causes, such as adrenal tumors, pituitary tumors, or ectopic ACTH production. Regardless of the cause, the common feature in Cushing's syndrome is the excessive glucocorticoid levels, which contribute to the signs and symptoms of the condition.
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