The nurse is caring for a patient with chronic pancreatitis who reports persistent gnawing abdominal pain. What assessment data is most important for the nurse to obtain to help manage the patient’s pain?

Choice A rationale
While the renin-angiotensin response can be affected in cirrhosis, it is not the primary mechanism contributing to edema and ascites. In cirrhosis, there can be a decrease in renal blood flow which can lead to activation of the renin-angiotensin system, but this is not the main cause of fluid accumulation.
Choice B rationale
Hypoalbuminemia, or low levels of albumin in the blood, is a common occurrence in cirrhosis. Albumin is a protein that helps maintain oncotic pressure, which keeps fluid in the blood vessels. When albumin levels are low, fluid can leak out of the blood vessels and accumulate in the abdomen (ascites) and in the tissues, causing edema.
Choice C rationale
Hyperaldosteronism can occur in cirrhosis and can contribute to fluid retention. However, it is not the primary mechanism leading to edema and ascites. Aldosterone promotes sodium and water reabsorption in the kidneys, which can contribute to fluid retention, but this is usually a secondary response to other changes in the body.
Choice D rationale
Decreased portacaval pressure with greater collateral circulation is not the primary mechanism contributing to edema and ascites in cirrhosis. While portal hypertension is a common complication of cirrhosis, it is not directly responsible for the development of edema and ascites.

Choice A rationale
Limiting intake of oral fluids is not typically recommended for a client with urinary retention related to sensorimotor deficits in multiple sclerosis. Adequate hydration is important for overall health and can help prevent urinary tract infections14.
Choice B rationale
Teaching the client techniques for performing intermittent catheterization is a common and effective strategy for managing urinary retention in multiple sclerosis. This can help the client maintain independence and improve quality of life14.
Choice C rationale
While pelvic floor (Kegel) exercises can help strengthen the muscles involved in urination, they may not be sufficient to manage urinary retention in a client with multiple sclerosis.
Intermittent catheterization (Choice B) is often more effective14.
Choice D rationale
Providing a bedside commode can be helpful for a client with mobility issues, but it does not directly address the issue of urinary retention in multiple sclerosis14.