The nurse is caring for a newborn with suspected Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA). What signs and symptoms should the nurse expect to find when assessing the newborn? (Select All That Apply).

Upon auscultation, clear bilateral breath sounds.

Dyspnea.

Upon auscultation a machine-like murmur in the right upper sternal border.

Cyanosis.

Difficulty feeding

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : B,C,E

A.   Clear bilateral breath sounds are not typical in PDA; instead, crackles or signs of respiratory distress may be present.
B.   Dyspnea (difficulty breathing) is common due to the increased pulmonary blood flow from the PDA.
C.   A machine-like murmur heard at the right upper sternal border is characteristic of PDA.
D.   Cyanosis is typically not present in isolated PDA unless the PDA is large and leads to right-to-left shunting.
E.   Difficulty feeding is a common symptom because the newborn may tire easily due to inefficient circulation and increased work of breathing.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. A CT scan is typically used to evaluate structural issues in the brain, such as tumors or bleeding, rather than infections like meningitis.
B. An EEG is used to diagnose epilepsy or other seizure disorders, but it would not help in diagnosing the cause of a febrile seizure related to a possible infection.
C. In a 5-month-old with a seizure and high fever, meningitis is a critical consideration. The analysis of CSF through a lumbar puncture is required to confirm or rule out meningitis. Fever with a seizure in infants may indicate an infection such as bacterial or viral meningitis, making CSF analysis essential.
D. While blood cultures can help identify an infection, CSF analysis is more specific in cases of suspected meningitis, as it directly tests for infection in the central nervous system.

A. Pyloric Stenosis. B. Left Ventricular Hypertrophy. (LVH) C. Thickened Right Ventricular Wall D. Overriding Aorta. E. Ventricular Septal Defect. (MSD) F. Pulmonary Stenosis.

Correct Answer is ["C","D","E","F"]

Explanation

A. Pyloric stenosis is unrelated to TOF. It involves the narrowing of the pyloric valve in the stomach and is not a defect associated with TOF.
B. LVH is not typically a feature of TOF, as the primary issues affect the right ventricle.
C. Right ventricular hypertrophy occurs due to the obstruction of blood flow through the pulmonary valve in TOF.
D. In TOF, the aorta is positioned directly over the ventricular septal defect (VSD), which is known as overriding aorta.
E. A VSD is a key component of TOF, where there is a hole between the ventricles, allowing oxygen-poor and oxygen-rich blood to mix.
F. Pulmonary stenosis (narrowing of the pulmonary valve) is one of the hallmark defects in TOF.

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The nurse is caring for a newborn with suspected Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA). What signs and symptoms should the nurse expect to find when assessing the newborn? (Select All That Apply).

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is assessing a 5-month-old Infant who has had a seizure and high pitched crying with a high fever. The nurse anticipates the need for which diagnostic testing?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A nurse is caring for a preschool client who has Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF). What are the defects the nurse should be aware of when caring for a client with Teratology of Fallot (TOF)? (Select all that apply).

Correct Answer is ["C","D","E","F"]

Explanation

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