The nurse is caring for a client with a history of hypertension. Which lifestyle modification should the nurse emphasize?

Reduce dietary sodium intake

Increase saturated fat consumption

Limit physical activity

Encourage smoking cessation only if symptomatic

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

Choice A reason: Reducing dietary sodium lowers blood pressure in hypertension by decreasing vascular fluid volume and vasoconstriction. Sodium restriction (e.g., <2.3 g/day) reduces cardiac workload, preventing complications like heart failure, making it the priority lifestyle modification for effective blood pressure control.

Choice B reason: Increasing saturated fat consumption worsens hypertension by promoting atherosclerosis and vascular stiffness. Sodium reduction is critical, as it directly lowers blood volume and pressure, reducing cardiovascular risk, making it the priority over dietary fat adjustments in hypertension management.

Choice C reason: Limiting physical activity is incorrect, as exercise lowers blood pressure by improving vascular elasticity. Sodium reduction is the priority, as it directly reduces fluid retention and vasoconstriction, providing immediate blood pressure control, making it essential for hypertension management.

Choice D reason: Smoking cessation is beneficial but not the primary focus unless active smoking is confirmed. Sodium reduction directly lowers blood pressure by decreasing fluid volume, making it the priority lifestyle change, as it addresses hypertension’s core mechanism more effectively.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A reason: Anorexia is common in hepatitis due to systemic inflammation but is nonspecific, occurring in many conditions. Clay-colored stools directly indicate impaired bile excretion from liver dysfunction, a hallmark of hepatitis, making it a more diagnostic finding.

Choice B reason: Clay-colored stools are highly indicative of hepatitis, as liver inflammation impairs bile production or excretion, reducing bilirubin in feces. This causes pale stools, reflecting hepatic dysfunction, making it a key finding to confirm hepatitis over nonspecific symptoms like anorexia.

Choice C reason: Brown, foamy urine is not typical of hepatitis. Dark urine from bilirubinuria may occur, but foamy urine suggests proteinuria, unrelated to liver dysfunction. Clay-colored stools are more specific, indicating bile flow obstruction, a direct sign of hepatitis pathology.

Choice D reason: Hematemesis indicates gastrointestinal bleeding, not a primary hepatitis feature. While advanced liver disease may cause variceal bleeding, clay-colored stools are an earlier, more specific sign of hepatitis-related bile impairment, making them the priority finding in acute cases.

A. Ascites B. Peripheral neuropathy C. Pulmonary edema D. Kidney stones

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A reason: Ascites, fluid accumulation in the peritoneal cavity, is a common complication of liver cirrhosis due to portal hypertension and hypoalbuminemia. It increases infection risk and discomfort, making it the priority to monitor, as early detection guides diuretic therapy and paracentesis.

Choice B reason: Peripheral neuropathy is not a primary cirrhosis complication, though it may occur in alcoholic liver disease. Ascites is more common, resulting from portal hypertension, making it the priority to monitor, as it directly reflects liver dysfunction and requires urgent management.

Choice C reason: Pulmonary edema is associated with heart failure, not cirrhosis. Ascites is a hallmark of cirrhosis, caused by portal hypertension and low albumin, making it the priority complication to monitor, as it indicates worsening liver function and requires immediate intervention.

Choice D reason: Kidney stones are unrelated to cirrhosis, which primarily causes ascites due to portal hypertension. Monitoring ascites is critical, as it reflects liver decompensation, increasing risks like spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, making it the priority over unrelated renal conditions.

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The nurse is caring for a client with a history of hypertension. Which lifestyle modification should the nurse emphasize?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

The nurse is assessing a client with suspected hepatitis. Which finding is most indicative of this condition?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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