The nurse is aware that changes occur in the respiratory system after the age of 70 that put the older adult more at risk for respiratory problems. These changes include: (Select all that apply.)

incomplete expirations.

decreased oxygen saturation

impaired cilia

increased elasticity in thorax and respiratory tissues

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : A

A. Incomplete expirations: Age-related decreased lung elasticity impairs full expiration, trapping air in the lungs.
B. Decreased oxygen saturation: Age-related changes in lung tissue reduce gas exchange efficiency.
C. Impaired cilia: Decreased ciliary function reduces the ability to clear mucus and pathogens from the airway.
D. Increased elasticity in thorax and respiratory tissues: Elasticity decreases with aging, reducing lung compliance.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Start slowly and increase volume over several sessions: Gradually increasing lung volume improves compliance and helps clients build confidence with the device.
B. Be much more vigorous in increasing increments: Rapid or forceful attempts can cause hyperventilation or dizziness and are not recommended.
C. Do regular deep-breathing exercises instead: Deep breathing can be helpful but does not replace the targeted lung expansion benefits of the incentive spirometer.
D. Use another device because this one might be faulty: Device failure is rare; user education is usually more effective.

A. took five quick "huffs" and then coughed vigorously B. exhaled deeply and then inhaled quickly and forcefully three times C. took five deep breaths slowly every 4 hours D. took 10 slow, deep breaths every hour

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A) Took five quick "huffs" and then coughed vigorously. Huff coughing is a technique used to clear secretions, but it is not the correct method for using an incentive spirometer.
B) Exhaled deeply and then inhaled quickly and forcefully three times. Rapid inhalation and exhalation do not promote effective lung expansion or alveolar recruitment.
C) Took five deep breaths slowly every 4 hours. This frequency is insufficient to prevent atelectasis and postoperative lung complications.
D) Took 10 slow, deep breaths every hour. Taking 10 slow, deep breaths every hour encourages full lung expansion and prevents complications such as atelectasis.

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The nurse is aware that changes occur in the respiratory system after the age of 70 that put the older adult more at risk for respiratory problems. These changes include: (Select all that apply.)

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who is having difficulty using an incentive spirometer. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the teaching?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

The nurse would determine that this patient is aware of how to use the incentive spirometer device properly when the patient:

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A patient who will begin oxygen therapy has a history of sinus disorders. This patient would benefit most from which oxygen setup?

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