The nurse is assessing a client with aortic stenosis. Which finding in the client's history would the nurse identify as the most common cause of this condition?

Congenital valve abnormalities

Rheumatic fever

Autoimmune deficiency syndrome

Degenerative calcification of valve

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A. Congenital valve abnormalities: Although congenital heart defects can cause aortic stenosis, rheumatic fever is a more common cause in adults.

B. Rheumatic fever: Rheumatic fever is the most common cause of aortic stenosis in adults, as it can lead to scarring and narrowing of the aortic valve.

C. Autoimmune deficiency syndrome: This is not associated with aortic stenosis.

D. Degenerative calcification of valve: This is a common cause of aortic stenosis in older adults, but it is generally less common than rheumatic fever as the primary cause in a younger or middle-aged population.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Call the physician: While notifying the physician is important, it is not the immediate priority in a life-threatening situation like ventricular fibrillation.

B. Administer oxygen: Administering oxygen is helpful, but the immediate priority in ventricular fibrillation is to initiate life-saving measures.

C. Initiate cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR): Ventricular fibrillation is a life-threatening emergency, and initiating CPR immediately is crucial to restore circulation and improve chances of survival.

D. Give a dose of epinephrine: Epinephrine is part of the advanced cardiac life support (ACLS) protocol, but it should be administered after initiating CPR and defibrillation.

A. First degree heart block B. Second degree heart block C. Bundle branch block D. Sinus arrhythmia

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. First-degree heart block: A prolonged PR interval greater than 0.20 seconds, as seen in this case, indicates first-degree heart block, which is a delay in conduction at the AV node.

B. Second-degree heart block. Second-degree heart block is characterized by some PR intervals being prolonged with occasional dropped beats (non-conducted P waves).

C. Bundle branch block. Bundle branch block causes a wide QRS complex (greater than 0.12 seconds), which is not seen here.

D. Sinus arrhythmia. Sinus arrhythmia involves changes in heart rate due to respiratory cycles, not prolonged PR intervals.

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The nurse is assessing a client with aortic stenosis. Which finding in the client's history would the nurse identify as the most common cause of this condition?

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