The nurse is assessing a 1-day post-operative client and discovers fine crackles at the bases of the right lung on inspiration. What does the nurse suspect is the cause of the adventitious lung sounds in the right lung?

Asthma

Pneumothorax

Atelectasis

Emphysema

Bronchitis

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

A. Asthma typically presents with wheezing, not fine crackles.
B. Pneumothorax usually presents with decreased or absent breath sounds rather than crackles.
C. Atelectasis, which is common after surgery, can cause fine crackles at the lung bases due to collapsed alveoli reopening during inspiration.
D. Emphysema generally results in diminished breath sounds and hyper-resonance rather than crackles.
E. Bronchitis typically produces coarse crackles or rhonchi, not fine crackles.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. CVA tenderness is associated with renal issues, not directly with congestive heart failure.
B. A CVA angle of 160 degrees is abnormal; a normal angle is closer to 90 degrees, indicating potential issues.
C. A greater CVA angle can be observed in patients with kyphosis, where the spine curves excessively, affecting rib positioning.
D. A pneumothorax typically results in reduced breath sounds and tracheal deviation, not specifically linked to CVA angle changes.
E. A barrel chest results in an increased AP diameter, not typically associated with CVA angle changes.

A. Decreased lung sounds on expiration B. Respirations are 40 breaths/minute C. Anterior-posterior diameter ratio is 1:1 D. Hyperresonance is noted to percussion E. Decreased tactile fremitus is present

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Decreased lung sounds on expiration are common in COPD patients due to airway obstruction but do not necessarily indicate an acute issue.
B. Respirations are 40 breaths/minute is a critical finding, as this rapid respiratory rate suggests significant respiratory distress or worsening hypoxemia, which needs immediate intervention to prevent further complications.
C. An anterior-posterior diameter ratio of 1:1 (barrel chest) is a common finding in advanced COPD but does not indicate acute worsening.
D. Hyperresonance to percussion is typical in patients with COPD due to air trapping and does not suggest an immediate emergency.
E. Decreased tactile fremitus may occur in COPD due to increased air trapping but is not an urgent finding requiring immediate reporting.

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The nurse is assessing a 1-day post-operative client and discovers fine crackles at the bases of the right lung on inspiration. What does the nurse suspect is the cause of the adventitious lung sounds in the right lung?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

When performing a respiratory assessment on a patient, the nurse notices a costal vertebral angle (CVA) of approximately 160 degrees. How would finding?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

The nurse obtains information when performing a focused assessment of a client with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) who has been admitted with increasing dyspnea (shortness of breath) over the last 3 days. Which finding is most important to report to the health care provider?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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