The nurse inspects the client's fingernails. Which differentiating characteristics are observed in this assessment finding?

Longitudinal pigmented bands and red brown linear streaks of recent onset.

Thinned depressed nails with lateral edges tilting up to form a concave profile and proximal subungual fungal infection.

Transverse furrows and nail plate white spots that move forward with nail growth.

A nail base angle greater than 180 degrees and nail plate loosened at the distal-lateral edge, progressing proximally.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A. Longitudinal pigmented bands and red-brown linear streaks of recent onset. This description is more indicative of longitudinal melanonychia, which presents as pigmented bands along the length of the nail plate. It's not typically associated with finger clubbing.

B. Thinned, depressed nails with lateral edges tilting up to form a concave profile and proximal subungual fungal infection. This description suggests koilonychia, also known as spoon nails, which are characterized by thin, depressed nails with lateral edges tilting up. The mention of a fungal infection points to a different condition. It doesn't align with finger clubbing.

C. Transverse furrows and nail plate white spots that move forward with nail growth. This description corresponds to Beau's lines and leukonychia, which are not associated with finger clubbing. Beau's lines are transverse furrows or depressions in the nail plate, while leukonychia manifests as white spots or lines.

D. A nail base angle greater than 180 degrees and nail plate loosened at the distal-lateral edge, progressing proximally. This description fits the characteristics of finger clubbing, where there's an increased nail base angle (greater than 180 degrees) and the nail plate is loosened at the distal-lateral edge, progressing proximally. This choice aligns with the assessment finding.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Inspection. Papilledema, swelling of the optic disc due to increased intracranial pressure, is primarily assessed through inspection of the optic disc using an ophthalmoscope. The nurse would look for optic disc swelling and blurred disc margins.

B. Auscultation. Auscultation is not appropriate for assessing papilledema, as it involves listening for sounds such as heart, lung, or bowel sounds.

C. Palpation. Palpation is not appropriate for assessing papilledema, as it involves touching and feeling for abnormalities, which would not be possible with the optic disc.

D. Percussion. Percussion is not appropriate for assessing papilledema, as it involves tapping the body surface to elicit sounds or vibrations, which would not provide information about the optic disc.

A. Detailed questions about a symptom. B. Open ended questioning. C. Leading questions. D. Closed ended questions.

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Detailed questions about a symptom: This technique is beneficial for gathering specific information about a symptom. However, asking detailed questions right from the start may not allow the client to provide a broad overview of their symptoms and could limit the information shared.

B. Open-ended questioning: Open-ended questions encourage the client to describe their symptoms in their own words, providing a comprehensive and detailed account. This approach is particularly useful in understanding the quality, color, and consistency of the sputum, which are important details in the assessment of pneumonia. This technique allows for a thorough and unbiased description of the sputum, which is crucial for a complete health assessment in the context of bilateral pneumonia.

C. Leading questions: Leading questions suggest a particular answer and can bias the client's response. For example, asking "Is your sputum thick and green?" may lead the client to agree even if their sputum is different, thus providing inaccurate information.

D. Closed-ended questions: Closed-ended questions elicit short, often one-word answers, such as "yes" or "no." While these can be useful for clarifying specific details, they do not provide the comprehensive description needed to assess the sputum thoroughly in the context of pneumonia.

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The nurse inspects the client's fingernails. Which differentiating characteristics are observed in this assessment finding?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

Which assessment technique should the nurse use to confirm the presence of papilledema in a client with a rapidly decreasing level of consciousness?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

While completing a health assessment for a client being admitted with bilateral pneumonia, the nurse asks the client to describe the sputum. Which communication technique should the nurse use to obtain this information?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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