The nurse assesses a client who has a nasal cannula delivering oxygen at 2 liters/minute. To assess for skin damage related to the cannula, what areas should the nurse observe? Select all that apply.

Over the cheeks.

Around the nostrils.

Across the forehead.

Bridge of the nose.

Tops of the ears.

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : A,B,D,E

A.   The cheeks can be affected by the nasal cannula, especially if it is not positioned properly or if it causes irritation over time.
B.   The area around the nostrils is one of the most common sites for skin damage related to nasal cannulas. Continuous contact with the cannula can cause irritation, redness, or even sores in this area.
C.   The nasal cannula itself does not typically make contact with the forehead. Therefore, skin damage across the forehead is not generally a concern related to the use of a nasal cannula.
D.   The bridge of the nose is a key area to inspect for skin damage. The nasal cannula’s prongs often rest on or near the bridge of the nose, which can lead to pressure sores, redness, or irritation in this area. Regular assessment is important to prevent and address any damage.
E.   The tops of the ears can be affected if the nasal cannula’s tubing or securing mechanism (such as behind-the-ear supports or loops) causes friction or pressure. Skin breakdown can occur in this area if the cannula is not properly adjusted or if it causes irritation.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Applying cornstarch or other powders to moist skin can exacerbate dryness and irritation, as powders can absorb moisture but also contribute to a dry skin environment. In general, powders are not recommended for use on already dry or irritated skin, especially for older adults, as they can lead to further skin issues or contribute to fungal infections.
B. Gently applying lotion or moisturizer to the skin after bathing is the most appropriate action. Moisturizers help to rehydrate and lock in moisture, reducing the risk of dry, itchy skin. Applying lotion to damp skin (immediately after bathing) is particularly effective as it helps to seal in the moisture.
C. Adding bath oil to the bath water can be beneficial for moisturizing the skin, as it helps to create a barrier that prevents moisture loss. However, for the client’s specific request about post-bath relief, adding oil to the bath water does not address the immediate need for skin care after bathing.
D. Liquid soap can be gentler on the skin compared to bar soap, which can be drying, especially if it contains harsh ingredients. However, switching from bar soap to liquid soap is a preventive measure and does not provide immediate relief for already dry and itchy skin.

A. A hemoglobin (Hgb) of 11.8 g/dL (118 g/L) and hematocrit (Hct) of 34% (0.34). B. Low weight as determined from a height/weight comparison chart. C. Decreased lean body mass compared to results of 10 years ago. D. Serum albumin of 3 g/dL (30 g/L) and serum transferrin of 180 mg/dL (1.8 g/L).

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Hemoglobin (Hgb) and Hematocrit (Hct) are important indicators of anemia, which can be caused by nutritional deficiencies such as iron, vitamin B12, or folate deficiencies. For an older adult female, the reference range for hemoglobin is 12 to 16 g/dL, and the hematocrit range is 37% to 47%. A hemoglobin of 11.8 g/dL and a hematocrit of 34% are below the normal range, indicating potential anemia, which could be related to nutritional deficiencies.
B. Weight loss or being underweight can be a sign of nutritional deficiency, particularly if it is unintentional. However, this option lacks specific details about the extent of weight loss and its relation to other indicators. Weight alone does not provide complete information about nutritional deficiencies without additional context, such as changes in weight over time or body composition.
C. A decrease in lean body mass can be indicative of malnutrition or a prolonged deficiency in protein or overall caloric intake. While it is an important indicator of nutritional status, it reflects long-term changes and may not immediately show acute deficiencies.
D. Serum albumin and serum transferrin are biomarkers of nutritional status. The reference range for serum albumin is 3.5 to 5.0 g/dL, and for serum transferrin, it is 250 to 380 mg/dL. A serum albumin level of 3 g/dL and a serum transferrin level of 180 mg/dL are both below the normal range, indicating possible malnutrition or protein deficiency.

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The nurse assesses a client who has a nasal cannula delivering oxygen at 2 liters/minute. To assess for skin damage related to the cannula, what areas should the nurse observe? Select all that apply.

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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