The nurse anticipates that there will be two classic hematologic characteristics in the blood chemistry of a child with nephrotic syndrome which are: (Select all that apply.)

Anemia

Hypolipidemia

Hyperipidemia

Hypoproteinemia

Hypoglycemia

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : A,C,D

A. Anemia can be a common finding in nephrotic syndrome, often due to the loss of proteins like transferrin that are involved in red blood cell production, along with potential blood loss during episodes of proteinuria. The reduction in red blood cell production or anemia in nephrotic syndrome can also be exacerbated by decreased erythropoietin production.

B. Hypolipidemia is not a characteristic of nephrotic syndrome. In fact, nephrotic syndrome is associated with hyperlipidemia.

C. Hyperlipidemia is a classic feature of nephrotic syndrome. It results from an increase in the synthesis of lipoproteins by the liver as a compensatory mechanism to the loss of proteins (particularly albumin) in the urine.

D. Hypoproteinemia, specifically hypoalbuminemia, is a hallmark of nephrotic syndrome. The loss of protein (especially albumin) through the urine due to damaged glomeruli leads to decreased levels of proteins in the blood. This contributes to the characteristic edema seen in nephrotic syndrome.

E. Hypoglycemia is not typically associated with nephrotic syndrome. Instead, children with nephrotic syndrome generally do not experience significant changes in glucose metabolism. In fact, if anything, glucose levels may be slightly elevated in some cases due to stress or steroid treatment.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Option A (Place the infant in reverse Trendelenburg position) and option B (Place the infant in the knee to chest position) are not the immediate actions to address this situation. While these positions might be used in specific situations, assessing blood pressure is more appropriate in this context to evaluate for potential vascular issues.

Option C. Take the infant's blood pressure in all extremities.

In an infant with weaker femoral pulses compared to the brachial and radial pulses, there might be a concern about coarctation of the aorta (a narrowing of the aorta), which can affect blood flow to the lower extremities. To confirm this and assess for potential issues, taking blood pressure measurements in all four extremities is crucial. This comparison can help identify pressure differentials between the upper and lower extremities, which is a hallmark sign of coarctation of the aorta.

Option D (Notify the Physician) is generally a good step, but taking the blood pressure in all extremities should be done first to provide comprehensive information for the physician when discussing the infant's condition.

A. Diabetes Insipidus B. Acromegaly C. Addisons disease D. Syndrome of inappropriate Antiduretic Hormone

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Diabetes Insipidus is associated with reduced ADH levels, leading to excessive urination and dehydration, not hyponatremia.

B. Acromegaly results from excessive growth hormone (not ADH) secretion, causing abnormal growth of tissues and bones.

C. Addison's disease involves the adrenal glands and the insufficient production of cortisol and aldosterone, not ADH-related hyponatremia.

D. Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone (SIADH).

SIADH is a disorder characterized by the excessive release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) from the posterior pituitary gland, leading to increased water reabsorption by the kidneys. This results in diluted blood and hyponatremia (low sodium levels) due to the retention of water. Patients with SIADH often experience fluid overload and related symptoms.

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The nurse anticipates that there will be two classic hematologic characteristics in the blood chemistry of a child with nephrotic syndrome which are: (Select all that apply.)

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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