The nurse anticipates that there will be two classic hematologic characteristics in the blood chemistry of a child with nephrotic syndrome which are: (Select all that apply.)

Anemia

Hypolipidemia

Hyperipidemia

Hypoproteinemia

Hypoglycemia

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : A,C,D

A. Anemia can be a common finding in nephrotic syndrome, often due to the loss of proteins like transferrin that are involved in red blood cell production, along with potential blood loss during episodes of proteinuria. The reduction in red blood cell production or anemia in nephrotic syndrome can also be exacerbated by decreased erythropoietin production.

B. Hypolipidemia is not a characteristic of nephrotic syndrome. In fact, nephrotic syndrome is associated with hyperlipidemia.

C. Hyperlipidemia is a classic feature of nephrotic syndrome. It results from an increase in the synthesis of lipoproteins by the liver as a compensatory mechanism to the loss of proteins (particularly albumin) in the urine.

D. Hypoproteinemia, specifically hypoalbuminemia, is a hallmark of nephrotic syndrome. The loss of protein (especially albumin) through the urine due to damaged glomeruli leads to decreased levels of proteins in the blood. This contributes to the characteristic edema seen in nephrotic syndrome.

E. Hypoglycemia is not typically associated with nephrotic syndrome. Instead, children with nephrotic syndrome generally do not experience significant changes in glucose metabolism. In fact, if anything, glucose levels may be slightly elevated in some cases due to stress or steroid treatment.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Lordosis: Lordosis is an excessive inward curvature of the spine, typically seen in the lower back. It is often referred to as "swayback."

B. Torticollis: Torticollis is a condition where the head is tilted to one side and may be rotated to the opposite side. It typically affects the neck muscles and is not related to lateral curvature of the spine.

C. Scoliosis.

Scoliosis is a lateral curvature of the spine. It is characterized by an abnormal sideways curvature of the spine, which can lead to an "S" or "C" shape of the spine. Scoliosis can occur during adolescence, and routine physical examinations may reveal this condition.

D. Kyphosis: Kyphosis is an excessive outward curvature of the spine, which can result in a rounded or hunched back, often seen in the upper back or thoracic spine.

In summary, the lateral curvature of the spine observed in this adolescent should be documented as scoliosis.

A. Continue to offer a special formula to limit gagging B. Maintain immobility of the limbs with splints C. Preserve muscle tone to prevent joint contractures D. Focus on cognitive rather than motor skills.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Continuing to offer a special formula to limit gagging is not a standard approach in the care of infants with cerebral palsy. The choice of formula should be based on the child's nutritional needs, and any feeding difficulties should be addressed by a healthcare professional.

B. Maintaining immobility of the limbs with splints is not recommended. Encouraging movement and mobility is important for the development and well-being of children with cerebral palsy.

C. Preserve muscle tone to prevent joint contractures.

Cerebral palsy is a condition that can lead to problems with muscle tone and movement. Preserving muscle tone is important to prevent joint contractures, which can limit mobility and cause pain. Physical therapy and exercises can help maintain muscle tone and joint flexibility in children with cerebral palsy.

D. Focusing on cognitive rather than motor skills is not appropriate. Motor skills are a crucial aspect of development for children with cerebral palsy. The approach should encompass both cognitive and motor skill development as appropriate for the child's age and abilities.

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The nurse anticipates that there will be two classic hematologic characteristics in the blood chemistry of a child with nephrotic syndrome which are: (Select all that apply.)

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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