The nurse admits a client with sepsis and has developed cool ecchymotic fingertips and toes. The healthcare provider determines that the client has developed disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). Which findings support the pathophysiology of DIC?

Glucosuria and lethargy.

Frothy urine and anorexia.

Hematuria and hemoptysis.

Polyuria and productive cough.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) is a serious condition characterized by widespread activation of coagulation throughout the body, leading to both thrombosis and hemorrhage. Here's why option C is the correct choice:

A) Glucosuria and lethargy:

Glucosuria (presence of glucose in the urine) and lethargy are not typical findings associated with DIC. Glucosuria may indicate diabetes mellitus or renal dysfunction, while lethargy can result from various causes but is not specific to DIC.

B) Frothy urine and anorexia:

Frothy urine may indicate proteinuria, which can occur in conditions such as nephrotic syndrome, but it is not a characteristic finding of DIC. Anorexia (loss of appetite) is a nonspecific symptom that can occur in many conditions but is not directly related to DIC.

C) Hematuria and hemoptysis:

Correct. Hematuria (blood in the urine) and hemoptysis (coughing up blood) are common manifestations of DIC. In DIC, widespread activation of the coagulation cascade can lead to microthrombi formation in small blood vessels, resulting in tissue ischemia and bleeding. Hematuria and hemoptysis can occur due to bleeding from the urinary tract or respiratory system, respectively, as a result of DIC-induced coagulopathy.

D) Polyuria and productive cough:

Polyuria (excessive urination) and productive cough (cough with production of sputum) are not specific findings of DIC. Polyuria may occur in conditions such as diabetes mellitus or diuretic use, while productive cough can be seen in respiratory infections or chronic lung diseases but is not directly related to DIC.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A) Elevation in blood pressure:

While elevation in blood pressure could potentially cause discomfort at the arterial line insertion site, it is not the most likely physiological effect to induce sudden pain in this scenario. Blood pressure elevation would typically cause generalized symptoms rather than localized pain at the insertion site.

B) Vasospasm at insertion site:

Correct. Vasospasm refers to the sudden constriction of blood vessels, leading to reduced blood flow. It can occur in response to arterial puncture or manipulation during arterial line insertion, resulting in sudden pain at the insertion site.

C) Clot in the arterial catheter:

A clot in the arterial catheter could potentially cause obstruction and affect blood flow, but it is less likely to induce sudden pain at the insertion site unless there is associated ischemia or tissue damage.

D) Air lock in the transducer:

An air lock in the transducer could disrupt pressure monitoring but is not typically associated with sudden pain at the insertion site. It may lead to inaccurate pressure readings rather than localized pain.

A. Abnormal growth results in loss of bladder muscle tone. B. Inflammation causes spasms of the gland. C. The enlarged gland compresses the urethra. D. Nerve compression decreases the sensation that the bladder is full

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a condition characterized by non-cancerous growth of the prostate gland, leading to its enlargement. This enlargement can contribute to urinary retention by obstructing the flow of urine through the urethra. Here's the breakdown of the explanation:

A) Abnormal growth results in loss of bladder muscle tone:

While BPH can lead to urinary symptoms such as urinary frequency, urgency, and nocturia, it does not directly cause loss of bladder muscle tone. Instead, the enlarged prostate gland obstructs the bladder outlet, making it difficult for urine to pass through the urethra.

B) Inflammation causes spasms of the gland:

Inflammation of the prostate gland, known as prostatitis, can cause symptoms such as pelvic pain, dysuria, and urinary frequency, but it is not typically associated with BPH. BPH is characterized by benign growth of the prostate tissue rather than inflammation and spasms.

C) The enlarged gland compresses the urethra:

Correct. The primary mechanism by which BPH causes urinary retention is by compressing the urethra, which obstructs the flow of urine from the bladder. As the prostate gland enlarges, it can constrict the urethra, leading to symptoms such as hesitancy, weak urinary stream, incomplete emptying, and urinary retention.

D) Nerve compression decreases the sensation that the bladder is full:

While compression of nerves in the pelvic region can contribute to urinary symptoms, such as decreased sensation of bladder fullness, it is not the primary mechanism by which BPH causes urinary retention. The compression of the urethra by the enlarged prostate gland is the main factor leading to urinary obstruction and retention.

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The nurse admits a client with sepsis and has developed cool ecchymotic fingertips and toes. The healthcare provider determines that the client has developed disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). Which findings support the pathophysiology of DIC?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

After the nurse obtains a blood sample from a client's right radial arterial client reports a sudden onset of pain at the arterial line insertion site. The nurse recognizes which physiological effect may be inducing the sudden pain?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Which explanation should the nurse give to a male client on why benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) often causes urinary retention

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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