The nurse administers regular insulin SUBQ at 0700 to a client with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM), after which the client eats one-half of the breakfast provided. At 1000, the client reports being hungry. Which action should the nurse implement?

Administer insulin per sliding scale.

Start hourly blood glucose monitoring.

Initiate an IV bolus of 0.9% sodium chloride.

Provide a snack of cheese and crackers.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

Choice A reason: Administering insulin per sliding scale is typically based on blood glucose levels, not just the client's report of hunger. Since the client has already received insulin, providing more insulin without knowing the current blood glucose level could cause hypoglycaemia.

Choice B reason: Starting hourly blood glucose monitoring might be necessary in certain situations, but the immediate need is to address the client's hunger, which could be a sign of impending hypoglycaemia. Addressing the hunger first is more urgent.

Choice C reason: Initiating an IV bolus of 0.9% sodium chloride is not indicated in this scenario. This intervention is typically used for dehydration or other fluid imbalances, not for managing hunger or blood glucose levels directly.

Choice D reason: Providing a snack of cheese and crackers is the most appropriate action. The client's report of hunger after receiving insulin and eating only half of breakfast suggests they might be at risk for hypoglycaemia. A snack will help stabilize their blood glucose levels and prevent hypoglycaemia.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A reason: Clay-coloured stool is a symptom of bile duct obstruction. It indicates that bile is not reaching the intestines to help digest food. While this is important to note, it is not the most urgent finding that requires immediate reporting to the healthcare provider.

Choice B reason: A distended, hard, and rigid abdomen is a sign of possible peritonitis or other severe abdominal complications. This finding indicates a medical emergency that requires immediate attention and intervention by the healthcare provider. Prompt reporting is essential to prevent further complications and ensure appropriate treatment.

Choice C reason: Bile-stained emesis suggests that bile is being regurgitated, which is indicative of a blocked or compromised bile duct. However, this finding does not require as urgent reporting as a rigid abdomen, which could indicate a more serious condition.

Choice D reason: Radiating, sharp pain in the right shoulder is often referred pain from gallbladder issues. While this symptom is significant and should be monitored, it does not take precedence over the urgent finding of a distended and rigid abdomen that might indicate a severe complication.

A. Send the client to x-ray for a flat plate of the abdomen. B. Give a prescribed analgesic for temperature above 101°F (38.3°C). C. Place an indwelling urinary catheter and attach to a bedside drainage unit. D. Insert a nasogastric tube (NGT) and attach to low intermittent suction.

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A reason: Sending the client to x-ray for a flat plate of the abdomen is important for diagnosing the underlying cause of symptoms, such as bowel obstruction or severe inflammation. However, in the immediate situation, it is essential to relieve the client's symptoms and stabilize their condition first.

Choice B reason: Giving a prescribed analgesic for temperature above 101°F (38.3°C) can help manage fever and pain. However, it is not the first priority. The client’s primary issue is abdominal cramping, nausea, and vomiting, which need to be addressed urgently to prevent further complications.

Choice C reason: Placing an indwelling urinary catheter and attaching it to a bedside drainage unit may be necessary if there are urinary retention concerns. However, this intervention does not directly address the gastrointestinal symptoms that are currently most troubling for the client.

Choice D reason: Inserting a nasogastric tube (NGT) and attaching it to low intermittent suction is the most immediate priority. This action helps to decompress the stomach, relieve nausea and vomiting, and prevent further complications such as aspiration or worsening of the obstruction. It provides immediate symptomatic relief and allows for better management of the client's condition.

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The nurse administers regular insulin SUBQ at 0700 to a client with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM), after which the client eats one-half of the breakfast provided. At 1000, the client reports being hungry. Which action should the nurse implement?

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