The mother of an infant with hypertrophic pyloric stenosis asks the nurse many questions about the problem. When answering these questions, the nurse should convey the idea that:

Choice A reason: This is not a good choice. IV fluid bolus of 10 ml/kg is not enough to restore the circulating volume and perfusion in a child with hypovolemic shock. The recommended initial fluid bolus for pediatric hypovolemic shock is 20 ml/kg of isotonic crystalloid solution.

Choice B reason: This is the correct choice. Oxygen, IV fluid bolus of 20 ml/kg, and medications to support cardiac function are the appropriate interventions for a child with hypovolemic shock. Oxygen is given to improve oxygenation and prevent tissue hypoxia. IV fluid bolus of 20 ml/kg is given to replace the lost fluid and blood volume and improve the blood pressure and cardiac output. Medications to support cardiac function may include inotropes, vasopressors, or antiarrhythmics, depending on the child's condition and the cause of the shock.

Choice C reason: This is not a good choice. IV at 2x maintenance is not sufficient to correct the hypovolemia and shock in a child. Maintenance fluids are given to prevent dehydration and electrolyte imbalance, but they are not enough to restore the hemodynamic stability and perfusion in a child with shock. A fluid bolus is needed to rapidly increase the intravascular volume and improve the vital signs.

Choice D reason: This is not a good choice. Oxygen and medication to support cardiac function are important, but they are not enough to reverse the hypovolemic shock in a child. A fluid bolus is the first and most essential intervention to correct the hypovolemia and shock in a child. Giving medication before fluid bolus may worsen the shock and cause adverse effects.

Choice A reason: This statement is correct, as most infants are ready to start solid foods when they are 4 to 6 months old, depending on their individual growth and readiness. The nurse should explain to the parents that some signs of readiness include being able to hold the head up, sit with support, show interest in food, and move food from the spoon to the throat.

Choice B reason: This statement is incorrect, as 2 to 3 months is too early to introduce solid foods to infants, as their digestive system and swallowing skills are not mature enough to handle them. The nurse should advise the parents to avoid giving solid foods before 4 months of age, as it can increase the risk of choking, allergies, obesity, and iron deficiency.

Choice C reason: This statement is incorrect, as 1 year is too late to introduce solid foods to infants, as they need more nutrients and calories than breast milk or formula alone can provide. The nurse should inform the parents that delaying solid foods beyond 6 months of age can lead to growth faltering, micronutrient deficiencies, and feeding difficulties.

Choice D reason: This statement is incorrect, as 10 to 11 months is too late to introduce solid foods to infants, as they need more nutrients and calories than breast milk or formula alone can provide. The nurse should inform the parents that delaying solid foods beyond 6 months of age can lead to growth faltering, micronutrient deficiencies, and feeding difficulties.