The mother of an infant with hypertrophic pyloric stenosis asks the nurse many questions about the problem. When answering these questions, the nurse should convey the idea that:

Choice A reason: This is incorrect because breastmilk does contain some iron, although not as much as formula. However, the iron in breastmilk is more bioavailable and easily absorbed by the infant. Therefore, iron drops are not necessary for exclusively breast-fed infants until they are 4 to 6 months old.

Choice B reason: This is incorrect because the iron levels of breast-fed infants will start to decline after 4 to 6 months of age, as their iron stores from the mother are used up. Therefore, they will need iron supplementation from other sources, such as iron-fortified cereals or drops.

Choice C reason: This is correct because the iron stores of breast-fed infants are sufficient for the first 4 to 6 months of life, but then they will need additional iron from other sources. Iron supplementation can prevent or treat iron deficiency anemia, which can affect the infant's growth and development.

Choice D reason: This is incorrect because solids are not recommended for infants younger than 4 months of age, as their digestive system is not mature enough to handle them. Solids can also interfere with the intake of breastmilk, which is the main source of nutrition for infants. Iron-rich foods can be introduced after 6 months of age, along with continued breast-feeding.

Choice A reason: This is not a good choice. Septic shock is a type of distributive shock that occurs when an infection causes a systemic inflammatory response that leads to vasodilation, hypotension, and organ dysfunction. Septic shock is not the most common type of shock in children, although it can be a serious and life-threatening condition.

Choice B reason: This is not a good choice. Anaphylactic shock is a type of distributive shock that occurs when an allergic reaction causes a severe and rapid hypersensitivity response that leads to bronchoconstriction, angioedema, and hypotension. Anaphylactic shock is not the most common type of shock in children, although it can be a medical emergency that requires immediate treatment.

Choice C reason: This is not a good choice. Distributive shock is a broad category of shock that occurs when there is a loss of vascular tone and blood volume distribution that leads to hypoperfusion and tissue hypoxia. Distributive shock can be caused by various factors, such as sepsis, anaphylaxis, neurogenic injury, or adrenal insufficiency. Distributive shock is not the most common type of shock in children, although it can be a complex and challenging condition to manage.

Choice D reason: This is the correct choice. Hypovolemic shock is the most common type of shock in children. Hypovolemic shock occurs when there is a loss of blood or fluid volume that leads to decreased preload, cardiac output, and blood pressure. Hypovolemic shock can be caused by various factors, such as hemorrhage, dehydration, vomiting, diarrhea, or burns. Hypovolemic shock can be a life-threatening condition that requires prompt fluid resuscitation and correction of the underlying cause.