The fetal monitor tracing shown is associated with:
Placental insufficiency.
Abruption.
Head compression.
Cord compression.
The Correct Answer is D
Choice A rationale
Placental insufficiency can cause late decelerations in fetal heart rate due to decreased blood flow, but it typically shows a gradual decrease rather than the abrupt patterns seen here.
Choice B rationale
Abruption usually presents with painful vaginal bleeding and a tender uterus, rather than specific changes in fetal heart rate patterns like those described in the question.
Choice C rationale
Head compression results in early decelerations, which appear as a mirror image of contractions, but these are not sudden drops in heart rate typically seen in cord compression.
Choice D rationale
Cord compression leads to variable decelerations characterized by sudden drops in fetal heart rate, caused by temporary reduction in oxygen flow to the fetus. This matches the tracing pattern described.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A rationale
The maternal-fetal exchange of oxygen and waste products is affected by uterine contractions, as these compress the placental blood vessels, temporarily reducing blood flow.
Choice B rationale
Blood pressure variations during labor can influence perfusion but do not increase maternal-fetal exchange as uterine contractions primarily cause transient vascular compression.
Choice C rationale
Maternal-fetal exchange continues during contractions except when the uterine pressure is high enough to occlude placental blood flow, temporarily halting the exchange.
Choice D rationale
Uterine contractions compress the spiral arteries, reducing blood flow through the placenta, thereby diminishing maternal-fetal exchange of oxygen and waste products during contractions.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A rationale
X-ray is not used to identify fetal lie, presentation, and engagement due to the risk of fetal radiation exposure. Other techniques provide safer, non-invasive assessments.
Choice B rationale
Robert’s Procedure is not a recognized technique for assessing fetal lie, presentation, and engagement. It lacks scientific evidence and validation in clinical practice.
Choice C rationale
McRobert’s Maneuvers are primarily used to resolve shoulder dystocia during delivery, not to assess fetal lie, presentation, and engagement. They are emergency measures rather than diagnostic tools.
Choice D rationale
Leopold’s Maneuvers are systematic palpations of the maternal abdomen to identify fetal lie, presentation, and engagement. This non-invasive method helps determine the fetus’s position and orientation in the uterus.
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