The cardinal signs and symptoms of Parkinson disease are?

arm and leg weakness, paresthesia, blurred vision, and facial frown.

uncontrollable rapid jerky movements in arms, trunk and facial muscles.

stumbling, backward tilt of the head, quick fluttering hand movements, and quick uncontrolled gait.

hand tremors, bradykinesia, skeletal muscle rigidity, and postural instability.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

Choice A reason: This is incorrect. Arm and leg weakness, paresthesia, blurred vision, and facial frown are not specific to Parkinson disease, but may be seen in other neurological disorders, such as multiple sclerosis or stroke.

Choice B reason: This is incorrect. Uncontrollable rapid jerky movements in arms, trunk and facial muscles are characteristic of Huntington disease, not Parkinson disease. Huntington disease is a genetic disorder that causes progressive degeneration of the nerve cells in the brain.

Choice C reason: This is incorrect. Stumbling, backward tilt of the head, quick fluttering hand movements, and quick uncontrolled gait are signs of cerebellar ataxia, not Parkinson disease. Cerebellar ataxia is a disorder that affects the coordination and balance of the movements, caused by damage to the cerebellum.

Choice D reason: This is correct. Hand tremors, bradykinesia, skeletal muscle rigidity, and postural instability are the cardinal signs and symptoms of Parkinson disease. Parkinson disease is a chronic and progressive disorder that affects the dopamine-producing neurons in the brain, resulting in movement problems.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A reason: Elevating the head of the bed 20 to 30 degrees is an appropriate intervention for a patient who had a craniotomy to relieve increased intracranial pressure. It helps to reduce the venous pressure and improve the cerebral perfusion.

Choice B reason: Maintaining bright lighting in the room to assess bleeding at the surgical site is not an appropriate intervention for a patient who had a craniotomy to relieve increased intracranial pressure. It can increase the sensory stimulation and aggravate the intracranial pressure. The nurse should use dim lighting and monitor the dressing and the drainage system for signs of bleeding.

Choice C reason: Stimulating the patient every half hour to assess changes in level of consciousness is not an appropriate intervention for a patient who had a craniotomy to relieve increased intracranial pressure. It can increase the cerebral metabolic demand and worsen the intracranial pressure. The nurse should assess the level of consciousness using the Glasgow Coma Scale and avoid unnecessary stimulation.

Choice D reason: Allowing the patient to change positions frequently to maintain comfort is not an appropriate intervention for a patient who had a craniotomy to relieve increased intracranial pressure. It can increase the intrathoracic pressure and affect the cerebral blood flow. The nurse should limit the patient's movement and avoid extreme flexion, extension, or rotation of the head and neck.

A. Patient sways from side-to-side when standing with feet close together. B. Patient's pupils do not respond equally to direct light from a flashlight. C. Patient takes two attempts to touch their nose while their eyes are closed. D. Patient complains of mild dizziness.

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A reason:Swaying during a Romberg test indicates a positive result, suggesting proprioceptive deficits or sensory ataxia.

Choice B reason: Unequal pupil response to light relates to cranial nerve function, not balance assessed by the Romberg test.

Choice C reason: This is incorrect. Patient taking two attempts to touch their nose while their eyes are closed is a mild impairment of coordination, which may be due to neurologic changes or other factors such as fatigue or medication. This is not a significant finding that requires immediate attention.

Choice D reason: This is incorrect. Patient complaining of mild dizziness is a common symptom of neurologic changes or vestibular dysfunction. It is not a serious finding that requires immediate attention. The nurse should monitor the patient and provide comfort measures.

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The cardinal signs and symptoms of Parkinson disease are?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

Postoperative care for a patient having a craniotomy to relieve increased intracranial pressure, the nurse should implement which intervention?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

The nurse completes a Romberg's test on a patient with neurologic changes. The nurse would notify the provider if they observe which response?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

The nurse is providing education to a young female recently diagnosed with multiple sclerosis. Select the common symptoms the nurse should include in the education plan that the patient should report to their health care provider. (Select all that apply)

The nurse is caring for a patient with a head injury after a fall from a ladder. The nurse must evaluate the patient for which signs and symptoms of increased intracranial pressure?

A child with iron-deficiency anemia receives a daily oral iron supplement. The mother tells the nurse their child is having black stools. Which response by the nurse is most appropriate?

A patient has a folic acid deficiency associated with not consuming food with folic acid. The nurse would expect a complete blood cell count (CBC) to reveal?

An emergency room nurse initiates care for a patient with a spinal cord injury at their cervical 5 vertebra after a motor vehicle accident. Select the nurse's critical focus of care:

The nurse is preparing a teaching session about Guillain-Barre syndrome. Which statement should be included in the presentation?

The cardinal signs and symptoms of Parkinson disease are?

The nurse is caring for a patient with anemia. Their medical history includes diabetes mellitus Type 1, hypertension, chronic kidney disease, and peripheral vascular disease. Which condition most likely contributes to their anemia?