The nurse is caring for a patient with anemia. Their medical history includes diabetes mellitus Type 1, hypertension, chronic kidney disease, and peripheral vascular disease. Which condition most likely contributes to their anemia?
Diabetes mellitus Type 1
Peripheral vascular disease
chronic kidney disease
Hypertension
The Correct Answer is C
Choice A reason: Diabetes mellitus Type 1 is a condition that affects the pancreas and the production of insulin, a hormone that regulates blood sugar levels. It does not directly cause anemia, but it can increase the risk of complications such as infections, ulcers, and nerve damage.
Choice B reason: Peripheral vascular disease is a condition that affects the blood vessels and the circulation of blood to the limbs. It does not directly cause anemia, but it can increase the risk of complications such as clots, wounds, and gangrene.
Choice C reason: Chronic kidney disease is a condition that affects the kidneys and their function of filtering waste and fluids from the blood. It can cause anemia by reducing the production of erythropoietin, a hormone that stimulates the bone marrow to make red blood cells.
Choice D reason: Hypertension is a condition that affects the blood pressure and the force of blood against the artery walls. It does not directly cause anemia, but it can increase the risk of complications such as stroke, heart attack, and kidney damage.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A reason: Decreased hematocrit and hemoglobin indicate anemia, which is a condition where the blood does not carry enough oxygen to the tissues. This can cause symptoms such as confusion, restlessness, fatigue, and weakness in older adults.
Choice B reason: Increased erythrocyte count, or polycythemia, is a condition where the blood has too many red blood cells. This can cause the blood to become thick and viscous, which can impair blood flow and oxygen delivery. However, this is not the best explanation for the patient's confusion and restlessness, as polycythemia usually causes symptoms such as headache, dizziness, itching, and flushing.
Choice C reason: Normochromic red blood cells are red blood cells that have a normal color and hemoglobin content. This is not a finding that would explain the patient's confusion and restlessness, as it indicates a normal red blood cell function.
Choice D reason: Decreased thrombocytes, or platelets, are blood cells that help with clotting. This is a finding that would increase the risk of bleeding, but not the risk of confusion and restlessness. Decreased thrombocytes can cause symptoms such as bruising, bleeding gums, nosebleeds, and petechiae.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A reason: Flexion of the hip causing resistance to extension of the leg is not a sign of meningitis. It is a sign of hip joint inflammation or injury.
Choice B reason: Flexion of the neck causing flexion of the hips and knees is a positive Brudzinski's sign. It indicates irritation of the meninges, the membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord.
Choice C reason: Flexion of the ankle causing upward fanning of the toes is not a sign of meningitis. It is a sign of an upper motor neuron lesion, such as a stroke or spinal cord injury.
Choice D reason: Flexion of the neck causing pain and spasm in the leg muscles is not a sign of meningitis. It is a sign of muscle strain or nerve compression.
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