Patient Data shows that on Day 1, there were no active processes.
On Day 2, there were small bilateral lower lobes pulmonary infiltrates with the right lower lobe showing increased involvement compared to the left side.
What is the likely diagnosis?
Pneumonia
Tuberculosis
Bronchitis
Pulmonary Embolism
The Correct Answer is A
Choice A rationale:
Pneumonia is the most likely diagnosis given the rapid development of pulmonary infiltrates within a 24-hour period. Pneumonia is an infection of the lungs that can be caused by bacteria, viruses, or fungi. It typically presents with symptoms such as fever, cough, shortness of breath, and chest pain. The presence of pulmonary infiltrates on imaging studies, such as a chest X-ray, is a key diagnostic feature of pneumonia.
The distribution of the infiltrates, involving the lower lobes with a predominance on the right side, is also consistent with pneumonia. This is because the lower lobes are more susceptible to pneumonia due to their anatomy and gravity.
The absence of active processes on Day 1 makes other diagnoses less likely. For example, tuberculosis typically develops more slowly over weeks or months, and bronchitis usually does not cause pulmonary infiltrates.
Pulmonary embolism can cause pulmonary infiltrates, but it would typically be associated with other symptoms such as sudden onset of shortness of breath, chest pain, and tachycardia.
Choice B rationale:
Tuberculosis is a chronic infection that typically develops slowly over weeks or months. It is less likely to cause rapid development of pulmonary infiltrates as seen in this case.
Tuberculosis often involves the upper lobes of the lungs, and it may be associated with other symptoms such as fever, night sweats, and weight loss.
Choice C rationale:
Bronchitis is an inflammation of the bronchi, the large airways that carry air to the lungs. It typically causes a cough, but it does not usually cause pulmonary infiltrates.
Bronchitis is often caused by a virus, and it usually resolves on its own within a few weeks.
Choice D rationale:
Pulmonary embolism is a blockage of a pulmonary artery, one of the blood vessels that carries blood to the lungs. It can cause pulmonary infiltrates, but it would typically be associated with other symptoms such as sudden onset of shortness of breath, chest pain, and tachycardia.
Pulmonary embolism is often caused by a blood clot that travels from a vein in the leg to the lungs.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A rationale:
Incorrect. Open-angle glaucoma is not characterized by an abnormally small angle.
The angle in open-angle glaucoma is open, but the drainage system is not working properly. Therefore, restoring a smaller angle would not be an effective treatment goal.
Choice B rationale:
Incorrect. Eye drops used to treat open-angle glaucoma are not typically used for pain control.
While some individuals may experience mild discomfort associated with elevated eye pressure, pain is not a common symptom of open-angle glaucoma.
Additionally, eye drops used to treat glaucoma do not have anti-inflammatory properties to address swelling.
Choice C rationale:
Incorrect. While reducing excess eye pressure is an important initial goal of treatment, long-term management of open-angle glaucoma requires ongoing maintenance of normal eye pressure.
Simply reducing pressure temporarily is not sufficient to prevent vision loss.
Choice D rationale:
Correct. The primary goal of treatment for open-angle glaucoma is to maintain normal eye pressure over the long term. This is because elevated eye pressure can damage the optic nerve, leading to vision loss.
Eye drops are often used to lower eye pressure, and they typically need to be used for life to prevent vision loss.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A rationale:
Colloidal oatmeal-based lotion: While colloidal oatmeal can soothe and moisturize dry, itchy skin, it does not have the anti- inflammatory properties necessary to effectively treat the underlying inflammation of psoriasis.
It may provide temporary relief of symptoms, but it won't address the root cause of the condition.
Choice B rationale:
Topical corticosteroids: These medications are the mainstay of treatment for psoriasis. They work by reducing inflammation and slowing the growth of skin cells.
Topical corticosteroids come in a variety of strengths and formulations, including creams, ointments, gels, lotions, and sprays. The choice of formulation will depend on the severity of the psoriasis, the location of the lesions, and the patient's preferences. Choice C rationale:
Topical analgesics: Topical analgesics, such as lidocaine or benzocaine, can help to relieve pain and itching associated with psoriasis.
However, they do not address the underlying inflammation and are not a long-term solution for managing the condition. They are typically used as adjunctive therapy, in conjunction with other psoriasis treatments.
Choice D rationale:
Topical antifungals: Topical antifungal medications are used to treat fungal infections, such as ringworm and athlete's foot. They are not effective in treating psoriasis, which is an autoimmune condition, not a fungal infection.
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