Exhibits
Click to highlight the assessment findings that require IMMEDIATE follow-up by the nurse.
The client is a 68-year-old with a history of diabetes, hypertension (HTN), coronary artery disease (CAD), and recently diagnosed with end-stage renal disease (ERSD). She has been on hemodialysis three times a week for one month and presents to the emergency department (ED) with:
- Fatigue
- Generalized weakness
- Muscle cramps
- Tingling sensation in her arms and legs
- Lightheadedness
She also reports having missed her scheduled dialysis for the past 2 days, coupled with complaints of nausea, poor appetite, and an inability to attend the dialysis sessions.
Initial Vital Signs:
- Blood Pressure: 146/82 mmHg
- Heart Rate: 114 bpm
- Respiratory Rate: 18 bpm
- SpO₂: 98% on room air
- Temperature: 98.2 °F (36.8 °C) orally
Muscle cramps
Tingling sensation in her arms and legs
Lightheadedness
Fatigue
68-year-old with a history of diabetes, hypertension
Blood Pressure: 146/82 mmHg
Heart Rate: 114 bpm
Temperature: 98.2 °F
The Correct Answer is ["A","B","C"]
The assessment findings that require immediate follow-up by the nurse are: muscle cramps, tingling sensation in arms and legs, and lightheadedness.
These are signs of electrolyte imbalance, which can be caused by missed dialysis sessions, dehydration, or infection. Electrolyte imbalance can lead to serious complications such as cardiac arrhythmias, seizures, or coma.
The nurse should monitor the client's vital signs, neurological status, and cardiac rhythm, and notify the physician for further orders. The nurse should also assess the client's fluid status, hydration, and nutritional intake, and provide education on the importance of adhering to the dialysis schedule and dietary restrictions.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A rationale:
Weekly monitoring of blood pressure and symptoms is important but does not address the specific issue of chest pain on exertion.
Choice B rationale:
Encouraging daily walking is generally a good recommendation for overall health but does not address the immediate concern of chest pain.
Choice C rationale:
Taking up to 4 nitroglycerine tablets for chest pain may provide temporary relief, but this should be done under the guidance of a healthcare provider and is not a long-term outcome.
Choice D rationale:
Recording episodes of angina and self-management for one week is a specific and appropriate outcome to monitor the client's chest pain and response to interventions.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A Rationale:
Ecchymotic blood accumulations (bruises) are indicative of possible trauma or injury to the scalp. In this case, it suggests that the hair loss is likely due to physical manipulation (such as pulling or arranging the hair to cover bald spots) rather than a medical condition.
Choice B rationale:
This choice suggests that evidence of patches of lost hair would be indicative of non-disease-related hair loss. However, this is not necessarily true. Medical conditions, such as alopecia areata, can also cause patchy hair loss without physical trauma. Therefore, it is not a definitive indicator that hair loss is not disease-related.
Choice C rationale:
Episodic complaints of pruritus (itching) could be associated with various scalp conditions, including those that lead to hair loss. Itching alone does not rule out disease-related hair loss. In fact, some medical conditions can cause both itching and hair loss.
Choice D rationale:
Erythema (redness) of localized lesions may suggest inflammation but does not necessarily indicate non-disease-related hair loss. Medical conditions can also cause localized inflammation and hair loss.
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