Patient and parent education for the child who has a synthetic cast should include which of the following?

The primary concern when it comes to a synthetic cast is to keep it dry during bathing or showering. Moisture can weaken the cast material and lead to skin irritation or infection. Therefore, covering the cast with plastic and waterproof tape helps to protect it from getting wet.

Applying a heating pad to the cast if the child has swelling in the affected extremity in (Option A) is incorrect because applying a heating pad to the cast can increase the risk of burns and is not recommended. If the child has swelling in the affected extremity, it is important to elevate the limb and follow any specific instructions provided by the healthcare provider.

Splitting the cast if the child complains of numbness or pain in (Option C) is also incorrect. Splitting the cast, or attempting to modify or adjust it, should not be done without medical supervision. If the child complains of numbness or pain, it is important to notify the healthcare provider for further evaluation and appropriate management.

Upper extremity fractures in children commonly occur as a result of falls. Children are more prone to falls due to their developing motor skills, balance, and coordination. They may fall from playground equipment, bicycles, or simply while running or playing.

While sports injuries (Option A) can also lead to upper extremity fractures, falls are generally the most common cause in children.

Physical abuse (Option B) is an unfortunate possibility in some cases, but it is important to approach the assessment without assuming abuse as the cause without appropriate evidence or disclosure.

Upper extremity fractures resulting from automobile crashes (Option D) are less common in children compared to falls or sports injuries, although they can occur in severe accidents.

It is always important for the nurse to assess the child's history, obtain a detailed account of the injury, and consider any additional signs or indications that may suggest non-accidental trauma if appropriate.