Parents have been told their child has fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS). Which statement by a parent indicates that additional teaching is required?
Select one:

Choice A Reason: "Our baby's newborn rash is from this syndrome." This is because this statement by a parent indicates that additional teaching is required, as it shows a misunderstanding or confusion about FAS and its manifestations. FAS is a condition that occurs when a woman consumes alcohol during pregnancy, which can affect the development and function of various organs and systems in the fetus and child. FAS can cause physical, behavioral, and cognitive problems such as facial abnormalities, growth retardation, learning difficulties, and atention deficits. FAS does not cause newborn rash, which is a common and benign condition that affects many newborns regardless of maternal alcohol intake. Newborn rash is also known as erythema toxicum neonatorum or baby acne, which is characterized by small red bumps or pustules on the face, chest, or back that usually disappear within a few weeks.

Choice B Reason: "His face looks like it does due to this problem." This is a correct answer that indicates adequate understanding of FAS and its features. Facial abnormalities are one of the characteristic signs of FAS, which include small eye openings, thin upper lip, flat nasal bridge, and smooth philtrum (the groove between the nose and upper lip).

Choice C Reason: "He can show signs of withdrawal from alcohol exposure like jiteriness, sweating, hyper reflexes, poor feeding and not sleeping well." This is a correct answer that indicates adequate understanding of FAS and its complications. Signs of withdrawal are possible effects of FAS, which occur when the fetus or newborn is exposed to alcohol in utero or through breast milk, which can cause neurotoxicity and dependency. Signs of withdrawal can include jiteriness, sweating, hyper reflexes, poor feeding, and not sleeping well, as well as irritability, seizures, or tremors.

Choice D Reason: "He is at risk of having intellectual disabilities, so we will need to get extra services to support him." This is a correct answer that indicates adequate understanding of FAS and its implications. Intellectual disabilities are potential outcomes of FAS, which affect the cognitive development and function of the child. Intellectual disabilities can cause problems with memory, Reasoning, language, and social skills. Extra services and support may be needed to help the child achieve their optimal potential and quality of life.